房颤治疗,选择导管消融还是药物? ——CABANA研究解读

2018-09-07 马长生 中华医学信息导报

导管消融已成为心房颤动(房颤)治疗的重要手段。目前,对于抗心律失常药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤,欧美指南均将导管消融作为Ⅰ类推荐。对于无或伴轻微心脏病的症状性阵发性房颤患者,导管消融甚至可以是经过选择的患者的初始治疗方案。


马长生(首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科)

导管消融已成为心房颤动(房颤)治疗的重要手段。目前,对于抗心律失常药物治疗无效的阵发性房颤,欧美指南均将导管消融作为Ⅰ类推荐。对于无或伴轻微心脏病的症状性阵发性房颤患者,导管消融甚至可以是经过选择的患者的初始治疗方案。

对于持续性房颤和合并器质性心脏病的房颤患者,虽然指南中的推荐级别低于阵发性房颤,但目前在全球各大电生理中心这些患者的消融例数已经越来越多。尽管既往多项队列研究和注册研究显示导管消融可降低房颤患者的卒中及死亡风险,但由于长期以来缺乏大型随机对照临床研究的支持,目前导管消融策略在改善房颤患者的临床预后方面是否优于传统药物治疗仍无定论。CABANA研究作为迄今为止相关领域规模最大的随机对照研究,其结果自2018年美国心律学会科学年会上首次公布以来,引起了业内的广泛关注和讨论。

1.研究结果

CABANA研究从2009年开始,在全球140家中心开展,是一项多中心、前瞻、随机、开放标签的临床研究,共纳入2204例阵发性房颤或持续性房颤患者,按1∶1随机分组,接受导管消融或室率控制、节律控制药物治疗(图1)。研究旨在明确对于有卒中危险因素的症状性房颤患者,导管消融治疗与药物治疗相比,能否有效减少终点事件。研究平均随访48个月,主要终点为全因死亡、致残性卒中、严重出血或心搏骤停构成的复合终点,次要终点包括全因病死率、死亡或心血病住院率、房颤无复发、生命质量等多个方面。研究的初步结果显示,根据意向性分析原则,两组患者的主要终点差异无统计学意义(8.0%比9.2%,HR =0.86,95%CI 0.65~1.15,P =0.3,图2),主要终点的各个组成部分差异也无统计学意义。但在次要终点方面,导管消融组的全因病死率或血管住院率明显低于药物组(51.7%比58.1%,HR =0.83,95%CI 0.74~0.93,P =0.002,房颤复发率也显着降低(HR =0.53,95%CI 0.46~0.61,P <0.0001)。


图1 CABANA研究随机分组情况

2.点评

CABANA研究作为房颤导管消融领域最为重要的临床研究之一,由于病例入选缓慢,历时8年余才发布研究结果,这一定程度上反映了房颤治疗方案选择的特殊性。由于研究病例入选困难、预期事件发生率较低,2013年研究组将研究主要终点变更为全因死亡、致残性卒中、严重出血或心搏骤停构成的复合终点,并相应减少了研究入选样本量。研究结果中,两组患者组间交叉率较高,这在相当大的程度上影响了试验结果。随机到导管消融治疗组的患者有9.2%未接受消融治疗,而药物治疗组的患者中有27.5%最终接受了消融治疗。基于此,研究者根据患者实际接受治疗的情况,采用符合方案分析对终点事件进行了比较。结果显示,导管消融治疗(n =1307)优势显着,与药物治疗(n =897)相比,其主要终点(7.0%比10.9%,HR =0.67,95%CI0.50~0.89,P =0.006)、全因病死率(4.4%比7.5%,HR =0.60,95%CI 0.42~0.86,P =0.005)、全因病死率或血管病住院率(41.2%比74.9%,HR =0.83,95%CI 0.74~0.94,P =0.002)均明显降低。虽然符合方案分析的统计效力低于意向性分析,但提示导管消融在改善房颤预后方面的可能优势。


图2 CABANA研究主要心血管事件发生率

3.思考

与CABANA 研究的结果不同, 既往两项关于房颤合并心力衰竭(心衰)的随机研究均提示导管消融改善患者预后。A A T A C - A F研究入选了203例合并心衰(左室射血分数<40%)的持续性房颤患者,所有患者均植入植入式心脏除颤器(ICD)或心脏再同步化治疗除颤器(CRT-D),随机分入胺碘酮组或导管消融组。随访2 年结果显示, 导管消融组窦性心律维持率明显高于胺碘酮组( 7 0 % 比3 4 %,P <0.001)。同时,接受导管消融治疗的患者再住院以及死亡的相对风险分别下降了45%及56%。然而,AATAC-AF研究设计的主要终点是无房颤复发,并不能得出消融改善预后的确切结论。随后,CASTLEAF研究在2018年2月的《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了相关结果。研究纳入3 6 3 例左室射血分数≤35%,美国纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能分级≥Ⅱ级,因一级预防或二级预防植入有监测功能的ICD/CRT-D的心衰合并房颤患者,被随机分为导管消融组(n = 1 7 9 ) 及标准治疗组(n = 1 8 4 ) 。与传统治疗相比,接受导管消融治疗的心衰合并房颤患者主要终点事件风险降低38%,全因死亡风险降低47%,心衰再住院风险降低44%。

CABANA 研究所入选患者虽然年龄均为大于6 5 岁或小于6 5 岁, 但合并一项卒中危险因素的患者, 与上述两项研究相比入选人群相对“低危”,导管消融的获益并未充分体现。事实上,在符合方案分析中, 在既往有心衰病史和基础心功能较差( N Y H A心功能分级Ⅱ 级以上) 的房颤合并心衰等患者中,导管消融可减少重要终点事件发生率(心衰:HR = 0 . 5 1 , 9 5 %CI0 . 2 8 ~ 0 . 9 1 ;NY H A心功能分级≥Ⅱ级:HR = 0 . 5 9 , 9 5 %CI0.28~0.91)。导管消融维持窦性心律的获益可能更加明显,未来此类患者中的适应证有望进一步升级。

此外,在美国心律学会科学年会上公布的数据中,导管消融组术后持窦性心律的患者有多大比例停用了抗凝治疗并不清楚,这有可能会导致两组间事件发生率的差异。我们期待未来EAST研究等更多研究结果的公布可以切实解答这一重要临床问题。

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    2019-03-14 AspirantSuo
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633490, encodeId=a9571633490ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=377824e1c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ANA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2471, encryptionId=377824e1c0, topicName=ANA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=434d22047430, createdName=AspirantSuo, createdTime=Thu Mar 14 08:40:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=356525, encodeId=5d77356525cd, content=原文链接在哪里呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/10/05/0236501429fc66ca809be4c215727a82.jpg, createdBy=72c62455110, createdName=kontar, createdTime=Thu Dec 27 11:33:18 CST 2018, time=2018-12-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=344995, encodeId=c852344995b5, content=快乐学习每一天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93342442178, createdName=123d926dm06暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 17:47:08 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1399620, encodeId=ce48139962004, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9a0546e31b5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#导管消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46731, encryptionId=9a0546e31b5, topicName=导管消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd042221840, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sun Sep 09 07:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421741, encodeId=09381421e411a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sun Sep 09 07:40:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=343708, encodeId=8cc1343e0889, content=看看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Sat Sep 08 09:29:26 CST 2018, time=2018-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-27 kontar

    原文链接在哪里呢

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    2018-09-14 123d926dm06暂无昵称

    快乐学习每一天

    0

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    2018-09-08 orangesking

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