Journal of Vascular Surgery:重磅|慢性肠系膜缺血:血管外科学会临床实践指南

2022-03-02 “ Clinic門诊新视野”公众号 “ Clinic門诊新视野”公众号

慢性肠系膜缺血(CMI)是由于餐后无法获得足够的肠道血流,通常源于肠系膜血管的动脉粥样硬化闭塞性疾病。患者典型的表现是餐后疼痛、不敢进食和体重减轻,尽管它们可能表现为急性肠系膜缺血和肠梗阻。

慢性肠系膜缺血(CMI)是由于餐后无法获得足够的肠道血流,通常源于肠系膜血管的动脉粥样硬化闭塞性疾病。患者典型的表现是餐后疼痛、不敢进食和体重减轻,尽管它们可能表现为急性肠系膜缺血和肠梗阻。尽管考虑到与腹痛和体重减轻相关的胃肠道疾病谱,诊断时通常会延迟,但还是需要结合适当的临床症状和显着的肠系膜动脉闭塞性疾病。治疗目标包括缓解症状、预防急性肠系膜缺血进展以及提高整体生活质量。对动脉粥样硬化引起的CMI患者,临床实践指南为诊断和治疗提供最佳证据。

在此,《门诊》杂志特将本次指南(血管外科学会(SVS)发表的慢性肠系膜缺血临床实践指南)更新要点编译整理,希望对您的工作有所裨益。

推 荐

诊断性评估

1、对于存在腹痛、体重减轻以及不敢进食的患者,推荐加急检查排除胃肠道恶性肿瘤和其他潜在原因。加急检查包括食管胃十二指肠镜检查、结肠镜检查、腹部CT和腹部超声检查。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:B级(中等)。

2、对于有适当的临床症状且腹腔干和肠系膜上动脉(SMA)内存在明显狭窄(>70%)的患者建议诊断为慢性肠系膜缺血(CMI)。对于临床上有适当临床症状且腹腔干或SMA单独存在显着狭窄(>70%)的患者也可作出诊断。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:B级(中等)。

3、推荐使用肠系膜多普勒超声(DUS)检查作为肠系膜动脉闭塞性疾病(MAOD)的首选筛查方式。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:B(中等)。

4、推荐使用CTA作为MAOD的首选权威性影像学检查,除非有不寻常的解剖特征掩盖了解剖结构,这样可能需要基于导管的动脉造影。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:B(中等)。

治疗适应证

1、推荐CMI患者进行血运重建,以扭转患者的症状(如:体重减轻、食物恐惧、腹泻、餐后疼痛),并改善患者的整体生活质量。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:A级(高)。

2、对于CMI患者,由于存在临床恶化、肠梗阻和导管相关并发症的风险,全肠外营养不能替代血运重建。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:B(中等)。

3、建议将SMA作为血运重建的主要目标。

推荐级别:2级(弱),证据质量:B(中等)。

4、建议将腹腔干和肠系膜下动脉作为血运重建的次要目标,如果SMA不适合干预或技术结果不可接受,这一血运重建可能有助于缓解症状。

推荐级别:2级(弱),证据质量:B(中等)。

5、对于症状与CMI一致且闭塞性疾病孤立于单支肠系膜血管(特别是SMA)的患者,建议患者和术者共同决策讨论是否将血运重建作为治疗选择。

推荐级别:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

6、无症状的严重MAOD患者,建议患者和术者共同决策讨论是否将血运重建作为治疗选择。

推荐级别:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

7、推荐密切关注无症状的严重MAOD患者是否有符合CMI的症状。可能的随访计划包括每年一次肠系膜DUS检查。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:C(低)。

8、对于严重MAOD涉及SMA的患者进行主动脉重建,无论是开放还是腔内治疗,建议在患者和术者共同决策讨论是否将血运重建作为治疗选择。

推荐级别:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

9、对于合并MAOD和肠系膜动脉瘤的患者,建议在治疗肠系膜动脉瘤时进行血运重建,如果单独修复会破坏侧支网络。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:C(低)。

治疗选择

1、CMI患者的治疗选择应该由患者和术者共同决策,考虑不同选择的风险/获益以及患者的护理目标。

2、推荐腔内血运重建作为CMI患者和适当病变的初始治疗。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:B(中等)。

3、建议将开放外科血运重建保留给那些病变无法接受腔内治疗、腔内治疗失败的CMI患者,以及更年轻、更健康的患者,其长期获益可能抵消增加的围手术期风险。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:B级(中等)。

术前评估

1、尽管CMI接受血运重建的患者应加快术前评估,介入前还是应该从医学角度优化自身条件,管理风险因素。

2、推荐在任何血运重建之前获取CTA,以描绘血管解剖结构。如果CTA上的解剖结构不清楚,基于导管的动脉造影可能是一种替代方法。

推荐级别:1级(强),证据质量:A(高)。

腔内血运重建

1、建议使用球囊扩张式覆膜支架治疗CMI患者的MAOD。

推荐等级:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

开放外科血运重建

1、CMI应根据解剖结构、合并症、既往干预情况和术者的偏好来决定是否选择开放外科血运重建。

监督和补救

1、由于高复发率,CMI进行血运重建的患者应接受有关复发症状的教育和咨询。

2、CMI血运重建后患者应在门诊进行随访。可能的随访计划包括术后1个月内,前2年每半年一次,然后每年一次。

3、建议进行肠系膜DUS检查以识别CMI血运重建后的复发性狭窄。可能的超声监测计划包括术后1个月内,前2年每半年一次,然后每年一次。

推荐等级:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

4、推荐对症状符合CMI的患者进行CTA或基于导管的动脉造影,以确认DUS检查发现的任何再狭窄。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:C(低)。

5、推荐对于有CMI复发症状的患者,按照新发病变的推荐进行补救治疗。

推荐等级:1级(强),证据质量:C(低)。

6、对于无症状复发性狭窄患者,同新发病变的推荐一样,建议患者和术者共同决策讨论是否血运重建。

推荐等级:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

7、对于复发性狭窄,血运重建的选择应与新发病变相似,建议将腔内方法作为初始选择,开放血运重建保留给不适合腔内方法的病变。

推荐等级:2级(弱),证据质量:C(低)。

原始出处:

Thomas S. Huber, Martin Bjrck, Ankur Chandra, et al. Chronic mesenteric ischemia: Clinical practice guidelines from the Society for Vascular Surgery. Journal of Vascular Surgery, Volume 73, Issue 1, 87S - 115S.

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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22773, encryptionId=42b922e7350, topicName=临床实践)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=35fc2500023, createdName=yanjie6253_56072842, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 03:15:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423480, encodeId=4797142348070, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0deb8961144' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管外科#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89611, encryptionId=0deb8961144, topicName=血管外科)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e5c3789547, createdName=bbjsj_1980, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 03:15:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1549782, 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03:15:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1572705, encodeId=f40515e270565, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=413922e74cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床实践指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22774, encryptionId=413922e74cd, topicName=临床实践指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=276d15780972, createdName=lily1621, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 03:15:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-11-11 quxin068
  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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    2022-03-03 xxxx1054
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    2022-03-03 zzc2216
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