NEJM:Covid-19疫苗接种对Alpha和Delta变异株传播能力的影响

2022-02-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

与alpha变异株相比,接种疫苗与delta变异株的传播能力减少有关,并且疫苗接种的效果随着时间的推移而降低。患者诊断时PCR的Ct值仅部分解释了传播能力下降的原因。

在严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)的B.1.617.2(delta)变异株出现之前,疫苗接种减少了SARS-CoV-2感染者的传播,这可能是通过减少病毒载量来实现的。尽管接种疫苗仍能降低感染风险,但感染delta变异株已接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体相似的病毒载量令人质疑接种疫苗能在多大程度上阻止其传播。

近日,顶级医学期刊NEJM上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员使用来自英格兰的接触测试数据进行了一项回顾性观察性队列研究,该研究涉及感染SARS-CoV-2的成人。研究人员使用多变量泊松回归来探究传播与接触者的疫苗接种状态之间的关联,并确定这些关联如何随B.1.1.7(alpha)和delta变异株以及自第二次疫苗接种以来的时间推移而变化。

在108498名感染患者的146243名接触者中,54667人(37%)的SARS-CoV-2聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测结果呈阳性。在感染alpha变异株的患者中,与未接种疫苗相比,接种两次BNT162b2或ChAdOx1nCoV-19(也称为AZD1222)疫苗与接触者中PCR阳性率降低独立相关(调整后的BNT162b2比率为0.32;95%置信区间[CI]为0.21至0.48;ChAdOx1nCoV-19为0.48;95%CI为0.30至0.78)。

疫苗相关的delta变异株传播减少小于alpha变异株;两次BNT162b2疫苗接种后降低delta变异株传播能力的程度(与未接种疫苗比较,其调整率比为0.50;95%CI为0.39至0.65)比两次ChAdOx1nCoV-19疫苗接种后(调整率比为0.76;95%CI为0.70至0.82)更大。患者中循环阈值(Ct)值(病毒载量)的变化解释了疫苗相关的两种变异株传播能力降低了7%至23%。在第二次疫苗接种后,delta变异株的传播能力减少随着时间的推移而下降,在接受ChAdOx1nCoV-19的患者中,在12周时达到与未接种疫苗的人同一水平,而在接种BNT162b2疫苗的患者中则显著减弱。在第二次疫苗接种后的3个月内,接触者的保护也有所下降。

由此可见,与alpha变异株相比,接种疫苗与delta变异株的传播能力减少有关,并且疫苗接种的效果随着时间的推移而降低。患者诊断时PCR的Ct值仅部分解释了传播能力下降的原因。

原始出处:
 
David W. Eyre,et al.Effect of Covid-19 Vaccination on Transmission of Alpha and Delta Variants.NEJM.2022.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2116597

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    2023-01-04 yhy100200
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048249, encodeId=29802048249cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=20dc234e94' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Alpha#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2347, encryptionId=20dc234e94, topicName=Alpha)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cc52251, createdName=yhy100200, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 08:43:08 CST 2023, time=2023-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036031, encodeId=5f8f2036031b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01482345fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2345, encryptionId=01482345fc, topicName=ALP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c82369, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 06:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1258142, encodeId=977b12581420a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f538e0501e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗接种#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70501, encryptionId=f538e0501e9, topicName=疫苗接种)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c0050, createdName=lishiwen, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342974, encodeId=e31513429e4b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197119, encodeId=bf0d119e119be, content=达到5,946,127例。新增死亡为8,828, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 09:15:55 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-07-06 jiekemin
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048249, encodeId=29802048249cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=20dc234e94' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Alpha#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2347, encryptionId=20dc234e94, topicName=Alpha)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cc52251, createdName=yhy100200, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 08:43:08 CST 2023, time=2023-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036031, encodeId=5f8f2036031b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01482345fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2345, encryptionId=01482345fc, topicName=ALP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c82369, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 06:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1258142, encodeId=977b12581420a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f538e0501e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗接种#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70501, encryptionId=f538e0501e9, topicName=疫苗接种)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c0050, createdName=lishiwen, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342974, encodeId=e31513429e4b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197119, encodeId=bf0d119e119be, content=达到5,946,127例。新增死亡为8,828, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 09:15:55 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2048249, encodeId=29802048249cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=20dc234e94' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Alpha#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2347, encryptionId=20dc234e94, topicName=Alpha)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cc52251, createdName=yhy100200, createdTime=Wed Jan 04 08:43:08 CST 2023, time=2023-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2036031, encodeId=5f8f2036031b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01482345fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ALP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2345, encryptionId=01482345fc, topicName=ALP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c82369, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Wed Jul 06 06:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1258142, encodeId=977b12581420a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f538e0501e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗接种#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70501, encryptionId=f538e0501e9, topicName=疫苗接种)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5c0050, createdName=lishiwen, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342974, encodeId=e31513429e4b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 22:43:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1197119, encodeId=bf0d119e119be, content=达到5,946,127例。新增死亡为8,828, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Fri Feb 25 09:15:55 CST 2022, time=2022-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-25 查查佳佳

    达到5,946,127例。新增死亡为8,828

    0

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