JAHA:中美卒中大比拼:中国病人年龄小7岁,溶栓率不及美国1/3

2018-10-21 朱柳媛 中国循环杂志

近期,中美研究者联合开展的一项研究表明,中美两国在缺血性卒中溶栓、深静脉血栓形成预防性抗栓治疗、房颤患者抗凝治疗、血脂异常治疗和康复治疗等方面都与美国存在较大的差距,中国在急性缺血性卒中治疗和二级预防上有很大的提升空间。

近期,中美研究者联合开展的一项研究表明,中美两国在缺血性卒中溶栓、深静脉血栓形成预防性抗栓治疗、房颤患者抗凝治疗、血脂异常治疗和康复治疗等方面都与美国存在较大的差距,中国在急性缺血性卒中治疗和二级预防上有很大的提升空间。

总体上,中、美两国卒中患者的临床特征也有较大差异,中国患者比美国患者平均年轻7岁(65岁 vs 72岁);中国患者有合并症的患者比例较低(房颤:7.1% vs 18.3%;高血压:64.8% vs 76.2%;血脂异常;12.1% vs 44.3%;糖尿病20.7% vs 33.4%)。

中国的吸烟率(29.7% vs 18.5%)以及既往有脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作的患者比例(35.6% vs 30.8%)均较高。

在急性缺血性卒中治疗方面:患者从开始不舒服至到达医院的中位时间,中国为22小时,美国<11小时;溶栓治疗率,中国为2.5%,美国为8.1%;出现症状后3小时内溶栓率,中、美分别为18.3%和83.6%。

门-针时间(患者从到达医院门口就诊至静脉溶栓的时间),中、美分别为95分钟和62分钟;门-针时间≤60分钟患者比例,中、美分别为14.6%和48.0%。

在卒中二级预防方面:中、美两国在发病早期和出院后抗栓治疗、戒烟咨询、吞咽困难筛查等方面都做得不错,患者依从率均高于80%。

但中国在深静脉血栓形成预防(65.0% vs 97.8%)、房颤患者抗凝(21.0% vs 94.4%)、调脂治疗(66.3% vs 95.8%)、康复评估(58.8% vs 97.4%)等方面的执行情况均明显比美国差。

研究者指出,中国的卒中治疗单元的可及率仅13.3%,而美国达到了71.8%,这是两国卒中急性期治疗和二级预防存在较大差异的原因之一。

中国急性缺血性卒中的溶栓治疗有一定进步。中国卒中注册登记研究Ⅰ期溶栓率为2.4%,门-针时间116分钟,5年后的Ⅱ期研究中分别为2.5%和95分钟,但与美国相比差距仍非常大。

研究者表示,根据上述发现,2018年3月,美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会和中国卒中协会发起了一项质量改进项目,即“改善中国卒中治疗”项目,以帮助医院和医务人员提高对指南的依从性。

此外,中国患者卒中发作后,更愿意打出租车或开私人小车去医院就诊,而不是急救车,就诊延误。研究者认为,中国患者延误就诊可能有多个原因,包括对卒中症状缺乏了解,经济上的原因,急救车覆盖面不广,交通堵塞,患者自愿选择,等等。

研究人员分析了中国卒中注册登记研究中的19 604例急性缺血性卒中患者和美国跟着指南走——卒中注册登记研究中的19 876例急性缺血性卒中患者资料。

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    2018-10-22 zhaohui6731
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    2018-10-22 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-10-21 smartxiuxiu

    有用

    0

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    2018-10-21 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习

    0

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    2018-10-21 明月清辉

    谢谢分享,学习了

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    2018-10-21 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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