Cell Host & Microbe:30%的人撸猫撸出病!弓形虫可关闭细胞防御系统,隐藏于人体中

2021-12-29 医诺维 医诺维

弓形虫潜伏在我们大脑中的方式以及它关闭我们先天免疫系统以求生存的方式非常独特,虽然这项工作都是在实验室完成的,但它将为我们更深入地理解,这些病原体如何干扰我们的神经通路以及它们的确切作用机制。

说到弓形虫,人们可能会首先想到猫咪。

弓形虫是一种单细胞寄生虫,是猫科动物的肠道球虫。该虫呈世界性分布,人和许多动物都能感染,随着养猫人群的增加,全世界超过30%的人类被感染过,中国阳性感染率为5%-20%,部分地区高达30%以上。

弓形虫感染可导致未出生儿童先天性出生缺陷、失明和神经功能障碍。对于免疫功能低下的成年人,它会导致失明甚至死亡。

好在健康的人群感染弓形虫初期的症状和普通的流感差不多,而在病人抵抗住弓形虫的侵害之后,弓形虫并没有被彻底消灭,还有可能潜伏在大脑细胞中。

2021年12月17日,澳大利亚墨尔本大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊" Cell Host & Microbe "上发表了一篇题为" Transcriptional modification of host cells harboring Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites prevents IFN gamma-mediated cell death "的研究论文。

该研究表明,弓形虫通过释放关闭细胞提醒免疫系统能力的蛋白质,隐藏在脑细胞和肌肉细胞内,处于休眠状态。揭示了大脑中休眠的弓形虫如何操纵宿主细胞以确保它们自己的生存。

弓形虫经常潜伏在宿主动物的大脑中,一旦达到某个条件,它们可以重新激活以引起严重的疾病,关于弓形虫在休眠期间如何操纵宿主细胞及其对生存的影响知之甚少。

干扰素,是免疫系统的信号分子,在对抗疾病方面至关重要。它能发出信号通知免疫系统身体已经感染了一系列疾病,包括弓形虫。然而,狡猾的寄生虫试图在潜伏期关闭这种信号,因为这是它生存的唯一途径。

在该研究中,研究人员使用基因组学和动态成像技术,能够实时可视化弓形虫。

研究人员发现,休眠的弓形虫(缓殖子)输出蛋白质以沉默受感染宿主细胞中的免疫信号并隐藏自己不被发现,具体来说,缓殖子将STAT1转录抑制剂(IST)的蛋白质输出到宿主细胞以抑制免疫信号。

缓殖子输出STAT1转录抑制剂

然而,IST在限制缓殖子中的干扰素信号传导方面发挥了关键作用,以保护宿主细胞免受免疫介导的细胞死亡,这对人体对抗弓形虫至关重要。

IST改变干扰素途径

 

研究人员表示,虽然病原体被重新激活以产生疾病的原因和方式的确切机制知之甚少,但免疫缺陷和脑损伤的人之间似乎存在相关性。

研究人员表明,弓形虫潜伏在我们大脑中的方式以及它关闭我们先天免疫系统以求生存的方式非常独特,虽然这项工作都是在实验室完成的,但它将为我们更深入地理解,这些病原体如何干扰我们的神经通路以及它们的确切作用机制。

总之,这一发现让我们更好地了解弓形虫如何隐藏在大脑中,以及是什么触发它们重新激活并引起疾病,该研究为更好地了解寄生虫对大脑的影响铺平道路。

 

原始出处:

Simona Seizova, et al. Transcriptional modification of host cells harboring Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites prevents IFN gamma-mediated cell death.Cell Host & Microbe, 2021.

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    2022-01-04 xjy02
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    2022-06-15 维他命
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