Nat Biotechn:CRISPR筛选发现非编码DNA的调控功能

2017-04-07 张迪 生物通

近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人类细胞基因组中的调控元件。大多数DNA并不编码蛋白质,要确定这个基因组“暗物质”在基因调控过程中如何,何时以及何处发挥作用是一个巨大的挑战。近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人

近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人类细胞基因组中的调控元件。

大多数DNA并不编码蛋白质,要确定这个基因组“暗物质”在基因调控过程中如何,何时以及何处发挥作用是一个巨大的挑战。近期来自杜克大学的一组研究人员研发出了一种新工具,通过CRISPR-Cas9表观基因组编辑方法提出了一种高通量筛选技术,识别出了人类细胞基因组中的调控元件。

这一研究成果公布在4月3日的Nature Biotechnology杂志上,文章作者,杜克大学的Charles Gersbach表示:“事实证明,大多数常见的复杂疾病,如血管疾病,糖尿病和神经系统疾病中出现的遗传变异实际上发生在基因之间的这一区域中。现在找到了可以注释这些非编码基因组功能的方法,令人激动。”

来自纽约大学的Neville Sanjana(未参与该项研究)认为,“非编码基因组数量巨大,要识别出哪些区域具有关键的蛋白编码调控作用十分有挑战性,这项研究利用CRISPR池筛选技术(CRISPR pooled screening technology)能帮助我们找出非编码基因组功能区域的位置。”

在这篇文章中,Gersbach等人构建了导向RNA的慢病毒文库,靶向围绕两个兴趣位点:β-珠蛋白和HER2的周围DNA数百兆碱基中的可能调控元件,然后通过整合一个荧光蛋白,构建了报告靶标基因激活的细胞系。

研究人员将两种形式的Cas9蛋白(dCas9)引入到这一细胞系中(dCas9具有失活的核酸酶活性):dCas9抑制形式能召集蛋白,令组蛋白H3中赖氨酸9位置甲基化,从而导致靶序列中的异染色质形成和基因抑制;dCas9激活剂形式能结合到靶向DNA增强子或启动子上,促进组蛋白H3上赖氨酸27的乙酰化,导致基因激活。

接下来,研究人员将低水平导向RNA文库转入细胞系中,确保每个细胞中都有一个导向RNA,之后通过荧光对细胞进行分选,并对细胞中的导向RNA进行测序,尤其是哪些具有特别高或者特别低靶基因表达水平的细胞。

序列检测证实了之前已知的调节元件,也揭示了其它DNA序列的新作用。尽管不是全部序列,但大多数序列都出现在了激活和抑制物筛选中了。研究人员发现一些序列似乎在一种细胞类型的基因调控中扮演了重要的角色,但对其它细胞类型的同样基因没有影响。虽然目前观察到的基因表达变化很微妙,但研究人员证实了个体DNA序列的调控作用。

“我们知道一些表观基因组与基因调控的变化存在非常重要的关系,但要将这些观察转变成对基因如何被调控的实际理解总是很困难的,”文章的另外一位作者Tim Reddy说,“我们并不清楚我们观察到的特定表观遗传修饰是否存在是因果关系,但现在从我们实验室和其他人的其他工作来看,表观基因修饰确实参与了这些靶基因的调控。”

布莱根妇女医院的Richard Sherwood(未参与该项研究)则认为这种筛选技术可以帮助研究人员解释大量的基因组数据,譬如ENCODE之类的项目。Sherwood说:“工具箱中的工具越多,我们就能分析更多不同的问题,这令人感到兴奋。”

目前Reddy,Gersbach及其同事正在努力扩展筛选技术,希望能分析不同的细胞和组织类型中整个基因组中的候选调控元件,他们也计划利用这一技术来更好地了解一些疾病。

Reddy说:“我们知道很多区域的基因调控与疾病有关。现在我们可以深入探讨这些引发疾病的分子机制,这些机制本身可能也是治疗的途径,未来也有可能有助于更好的指导临床诊断,并且区分对治疗产生不同应答的患者,以便更好的进行临床治疗。”

原始出处:

Tyler S Klann, Joshua B Black, Malathi Chellappan,et al. CRISPR–Cas9 epigenome editing enables high-throughput screening for functional regulatory elements in the human genome. nature biotechnology. 2017 Apr.

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    2017-06-01 cathymary
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927646, encodeId=84d9192e64630, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Thu Jun 01 07:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881867, encodeId=3901188186ed2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Jan 31 23:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917422, encodeId=e979191e42227, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Wed Sep 20 12:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1743439, encodeId=75a91e43439d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=369199618db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#非编码#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=99618, encryptionId=369199618db, topicName=非编码)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=32d435134939, createdName=d830384, createdTime=Sat Jun 03 15:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652180, encodeId=bf171652180cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Sat Aug 19 16:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276014, encodeId=264912e6014fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Sun Apr 09 00:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584369, encodeId=fec31584369a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9bbee5948f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#筛选#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75948, encryptionId=9bbee5948f0, topicName=筛选)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39da17047364, createdName=ms6747015003810650, createdTime=Sun Apr 09 00:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1584659, encodeId=f8ca1584659ba, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=83f5e9250e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#编码#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79250, encryptionId=83f5e9250e9, topicName=编码)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b10a17056098, createdName=12498f6em12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Apr 09 00:36:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-31 liye789132251
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    2017-09-20 sunylz
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    2017-06-03 d830384
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    2017-08-19 shock_melon
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    2017-04-09 yuandd
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