胫骨骨内原发表皮样囊肿1例

2020-04-15 张晓辉 翁文炉 李建文 实用骨科杂志

表皮样囊肿为软组织内常见的肿瘤样病变,多见于皮下。骨内表皮样囊肿罕见,多表现为溶骨性破坏或假瘤,主要见于颅骨和指/趾骨,多由外伤后植入骨内,而在椎体和长管状骨极为罕见。本院收治1例胫骨中段骨内原发表皮

表皮样囊肿为软组织内常见的肿瘤样病变,多见于皮下。骨内表皮样囊肿罕见,多表现为溶骨性破坏或假瘤,主要见于颅骨和指/趾骨,多由外伤后植入骨内,而在椎体和长管状骨极为罕见。本院收治1例胫骨中段骨内原发表皮样囊肿,报道如下。

临床资料

61岁男性患者,左小腿局部逐渐肿大并疼痛2年余,加重1个月入院,无外伤史,鱼鳞病患者。2年前无明显诱因下出现左小腿中下段疼痛,以隐痛及胀痛为主,晚间明显,活动后加重,可自行缓解,无发热现象;疼痛区渐出现缓慢增大的局部硬质包块,伴有压痛,局部皮肤无发红,皮温正常。X线、CT示左胫骨中下段囊性膨胀性偏心性溶骨性破坏,骨皮质部分缺损,无骨膜反应(见图1);MRI示左胫骨中下段偏心膨胀性骨破坏区,DWI为高信号,皮质骨多发缺损,注射造影剂后可见分隔样强化(见图2)。查体:皮肤呈鱼鳞状改变,左小腿下端局部肿胀,骨性突出明显,前内及后外侧压痛阳性,局部皮温稍高。膝踝关节活动正常,双侧足背动脉搏动正常。入院诊断:左胫骨骨肿瘤。

图1.png

术中见胫骨中下端局部不规则骨性膨大,骨皮质硬化、部分缺损,无骨膜反应;肿瘤偏心性生长,均匀扩张周边软组织轻度水肿,色泽暗淡,打开瘤腔见大量乳白色豆腐渣样组织流出,瘤体有白色包膜,呈多房状。术中用刮勺和磨钻将瘤壁打磨干净,50%氯化锌及电刀反复烧灼瘤腔壁,生理盐水冲洗后,取同侧髂骨混合同种异体骨置入并压实。胫骨骨干外侧予锁定钢板固定。术中冰冻及术后病理学检查见表皮样囊肿(见图3)。术后切口一期愈合,疼痛完全消失;术后3个月X线片示植入骨无吸收,局部未见复发征象(见图4)。

图3.png

讨  论

表皮样囊肿为明显或不明显的外伤致表皮基底细胞层进入皮下生长而形成的囊肿,多见于易受外伤或磨损部位,如臀部、肘部,间或发现于注射部位。骨内原发表皮样囊肿罕见,而发生于长管状骨者极为罕见,近40年国内外文献仅报道8例,其中国内报道3例,胫骨上段、胫骨下段、踝关节各1例;国外报道5例,胫骨上段1例,尺骨下段1例,桡骨1例,股骨2例(1例为开放性骨折术后)。本例患者无外伤史,可能系骨内胚胎性上皮组织残余,因某种刺激而引起上皮组织增殖形成表皮样囊肿,该病例最大的不同是成人骨干皮质骨在囊肿膨胀下的塑形性生长。患者疼痛主要与囊内压升高及周围无菌性炎症有关,压痛主要在前内侧及后外侧的骨皮质缺损区,局部肿胀与骨组织膨隆累及软组织有关。此外该患者的鱼鳞病不知是否与表皮样囊肿相关。骨内表皮样囊肿须与单纯骨囊肿,动脉瘤样骨囊肿及骨巨细胞瘤等鉴别。表皮样囊肿多为良性,治疗和其他骨病损相同,开窗病灶清除取髂骨植骨效果良好。骨性囊壁粗糙化有利于愈合,灭活瘤腔可降低复发率。开窗部位的选择也很重要,如有骨皮质缺损,宜选缺损处进入;如无骨皮质缺损,宜选择骨皮质最薄处开窗进入。术前CT扫描可帮助定位,有利于手术切口和入路的选择。

原始出处:

张晓辉,翁文炉,李建文.胫骨骨内原发表皮样囊肿1例报告[J].实用骨科杂志,2020,26(03):287-288.

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    2020-04-17 yb6561
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儿童颅内皮样囊肿合并感染1例

儿童颅内皮样囊肿相对少见,发病率占颅内肿瘤的0.04%~0.7%。国外关于儿童颅内皮样囊肿报道不是很多,国内王占福等曾报道一例6岁儿童颅内皮样囊肿合并脑脓肿,曾有人报道29例儿童第四脑室肿瘤中,有1例为皮样囊肿。本文对我院1例颅内皮样囊肿合并感染病例进行总结并文献复习,以提高对该病的认识。

青年男性,左下肢间断发作不自主抖动半年,请诊断!

青年男性,左下肢间断发作不自主抖动半年,请诊断!

拓展阅读

这个是骨囊肿吗?

骨囊肿影像分析

中华放射学杂志:肱骨原发性黄色瘤一例

骨原发性黄色瘤指原发于骨骼、不伴高脂血症等脂质代谢障碍和外伤,组织学以纤维组织细胞、大量泡沫细胞和多核巨细胞增生为特点的病变,极其罕见。目前病因不明确。

误诊为动脉瘤样骨囊肿的髌骨软骨母细胞瘤1例

髌骨软骨母细胞瘤是临床上较罕见的原发性骨肿瘤,仅通过临床症状及影像学表现较难确诊,常与动脉瘤样骨囊肿相混淆。在治疗上则二者类似,使用病灶刮除植骨术均可以取得较好疗效。

锁骨远端动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例

患者,女,10岁,因碰撞后左肩部疼痛伴活动受限4个月余入院。查体:左侧锁骨远端体表可见一大小为3CM×2CM×2CM隆起肿块,质地较硬,无明显波动感,肿块固定,皮肤温度不高,肤色正常,未听见明显血管杂音,左肩关节疼痛、活动受限。X线片显示左锁骨远端膨胀性骨质破坏,骨皮质变薄,部分骨皮质不连续。CT可见左侧锁骨中远段可见膨胀性骨质破坏区,边界清晰,局部骨皮质不连续,周围软组织清晰。MRI可见囊状膨胀

下颌骨髁突及下颌升支巨大单纯性骨囊肿1例

患者女,12岁,因发现囊性病变3年,刮治术后1年余入院。患者母亲代诉3年前发现患者左耳前区膨隆,小拇指头大小,无明显疼痛,麻木等不适,不影响咀嚼功能,否认牙痛史及颌骨创伤史,当时未处理。自觉膨隆逐渐增大,1年前就诊外院,完善CT检查提示左髁突囊性病变,行刮治术。术后定期随访复查,发现囊腔仍存在并有扩大的趋势,为求进一步治疗就诊我院门诊。

儿童坐骨骨巨细胞瘤继发动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例

患儿,女,9岁,因“左臀部疼痛1年余,加重1个月”于2015年12月8日步行入院。患儿1年前出现左侧臀部疼痛,夜间显著,当时未予重视。近1个月来疼痛明显加重,至当地医院就诊,行肿物穿刺活检,病理提示:骨巨细胞瘤。入院查体:正常步态,双下肢等长。左坐骨支压痛,可及深部肿物,质硬、压痛,无活动。CT显示:左侧坐骨膨胀性囊状改变,骨皮质变薄并见骨缺损(见图1)。MRI平扫加增强提示:左侧坐骨斑片状异常信