Nat Med :获取患者基因组数据用于精准治疗是否可行?Nature文章给了临床经验

2020-11-14 张佳兴 生物探索

精准治疗一直是临床医学所追求的理想治疗策略,不少的临床试验和科研工作也为此展开,从疾病的临床特征到它的分子基础,这中间的鸿沟似乎很难跨越。

精准治疗一直是临床医学所追求的理想治疗策略,不少的临床试验和科研工作也为此展开,从疾病的临床特征到它的分子基础,这中间的鸿沟似乎很难跨越。

急性髓性细胞白血病(AML)是最常见的白血病之一。目前认为急性髓系白血病源于显性突变,然后获得协同转化突变,导致髓系转化和临床/生物学异质性。在老年急性髓系白血病患者中已经发现很多复发突变,其增加的累积数量与晚期疾病进展有关。不同的突变具有不同的功能作用,包括破坏的凋亡(TP53)、产生代谢产物(IDH1,IDH2)并导致表观遗传重塑、致癌信号(FLT3,KIT,NRAS,KRAS,PTPN11)和表观遗传失调(DNMT3A,TET2,WT1,ASXL1)。

美国俄亥俄州立大学John C. Byrd研究小组在《自然—医学》杂志发表了题为“Precision medicine treatment inacute myeloid leukemia using prospective genomic profiling: feasibility andpreliminary efficacy of the Beat AML Master Trial”的论文,揭示了急性髓系白血病治疗中基因组分析对于精准医疗的可行性与效率。

研究人员将≥ 60岁未治疗的急性髓系白血病患者前瞻性的纳入正在进行的Beat急性髓系白血病试验,该试验旨在从收到样本起7天和选择治疗前提供患者的细胞遗传学和基因突变数据,然后根据结果 分配给基于显性克隆的子研究中。

BeatAML试验概述

研究表明,从2016年11月至2019年1月共有487名疑似AML患者入组。395位符合资格。中位年龄为72岁(60-92岁;38%≥75岁)。374例患者(94.7%)在7天内完成了遗传和细胞遗传学分析,并集中分配给Beat AML子项研究。

所有符合资格的参与者有224名(56.7%)参加了BeatAML子项研究。剩余的171例患者分为标准护理(SOC)(103)、研究性治疗(28)或姑息治疗(40);9名患者在接受治疗前死亡。

符合条件的BeatAML试验患者的突变

在BeatAML子项研究的患者和接受SOC(用阿糖胞苷+柔红霉素(7+3或同等水平)或次甲基化剂诱导)的患者之间,人口统计学、实验室和分子特征无明显差异。与选择SOC的患者相比,Beat AML子项研究的患者30天死亡率较低,总生存期明显更长。

总体存活评估

因此,AML的精确药物治疗策略在7天之内是可行的,使患者和医生可以将基因组数据快速纳入治疗决策,而不会增加早期死亡或对总体生存率产生不利影响。

这项前瞻性精确药物试验为急性髓系白血病和其他恶性肿瘤的未来精确药物试验提供了一些重要的见解。

首先,该试验表明,对于大多数老年急性髓系白血病患者,延迟治疗以进行详细的分子谱分析是安全的。但患有快速增生性疾病或白细胞停滞症状的患者被排除在研究之外。第二,这种方法需要调查人员、患者和护理人员、基因组实验室、细胞遗传学实验室和中央治疗分配小组的详细团队协调努力。第三,大多数急性髓系白血病患者可根据对显性急性髓系白血病克隆的分子分析进行特定治疗。第四,实验也表明与选择接受SOC的患者相比,选择接受基于分子特征分析治疗的患者具有较低的早期死亡率和较高的总体生存率。

原始出处:

Amy Burd, Ross L Levine, Amy S Ruppert, et al.Precision medicine treatment in acute myeloid leukemia using prospective genomic profiling: feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Beat AML Master Trial.Nat Med. 2020 Oct 26. doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-1089-8.

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    2020-11-15 lovetcm

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