Cell:老药开新花:阿司匹林有望治疗一类自身免疫疾病

2019-02-23 王静 科学网

环鸟腺苷酸合成酶(cGAS)作为DNA感受器,自被获得“科学突破奖”的华裔科学家陈志坚发现以来,即成为近年来生命科学领域科学家们热衷追寻的重要科学课题。


环鸟腺苷酸合成酶(cGAS)作为DNA感受器,自被获得“科学突破奖”的华裔科学家陈志坚发现以来,即成为近年来生命科学领域科学家们热衷追寻的重要科学课题。

利用已有百余年使用历史的阿司匹林,中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院张学敏院士团队和李涛博士团队揭开了其通过乙酰化机制控制cGAS激活的作用,这项研究成果于2月22日凌晨在线发表在《细胞》杂志。“因为DNA感受器cGAS蛋白质,在DNA从细胞内部触发免疫和自身免疫反应中起到了关键作用。”在当天举行的军科院媒体座谈会上,研究团队向记者描述了开展相关研究的意义和经历。

“cGAS在疾病发生和治疗中的重要作用类似于细胞的‘守卫者’,对外界入侵者非常敏感。其干预手段是目前国际前沿领域的热点竞争方向,许多国际制药集团和科研团队都在试图寻找cGAS的干预方法。”张学敏补充道。

据李涛讲解,病毒入侵机体时,其自身遗传物质(如DNA等)会不可避免地被带入到宿主细胞中,继而导致机体针对这些外源DNA迅速做出强烈的免疫应答,以清除病毒感染,甚至不惜以伤及自身为代价。这是病毒感染导致致死性炎症的主要原因。

cGAS对入侵者会做出怎样的反应?该如何进行调控才有可能预防或治疗免疫性疾病?4年前,李涛开始与张学敏团队展开联合攻关,寻找控制cGAS激活的途径。经反复筛选、试验,迷雾渐渐拨开,他们确认乙酰化修饰是控制cGAS活性的关键分子事件,而老药阿司匹林可以强制cGAS发生乙酰化,并抑制cGAS的活性。在探寻过程中,当初看到阿司匹林出现的效果,他不敢相信自己的实验结果。阿司匹林作为一种“老药”,如此平常,竟然还能有这样的作用?于是,研究团队通过反反复复的核实实验,用不同模型验证了他们的发现。

张学敏认为,这项工作揭示了对抗病毒感染调控规律,使人类未来应对重大疫情时,不仅具有控制已知病毒感染的手段,还有望具备应对未知病毒感染的能力。多年从事药物研究的博士何新华在该研究中发挥了重要,他与团队成员博士戴江及博士生黄怡娇是论文共同第一作者。

军科院领导对此项成果给予高度重视,认为研究团队独辟蹊径,通过乙酰化作用抑制cGAS激活,揭示了阿司匹林作用于人体的全新靶点和分子机制,有望为一类目前无药可治的自身免疫疾病提供潜在治疗方法。

座谈会上,中国科学院院士、军科院副院长贺福初表示,该成果是军科院新组建以来的一项重要成果,是军科院“十年磨一剑”的精神让科研团队甘愿坐冷板凳,沉下心才做出了这项具有基础性意义的重要成果。

原始出处:

Jiang Dai ,et al.Acetylation Blocks cGAS Activity and Inhibits Self-DNA-Induced Autoimmunity.Cell.DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.016

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研究证明布洛芬和阿司匹林的使用可使部分患者的癌症存活率增加三倍

发表在"Journal of Experimental"上的研究数据显示,抗炎治疗可以显着提高部分癌症患者的生存率。

“走下神坛”的阿司匹林,我们真的错了几十年?

在预防心血管疾病方面,美国心脏协会(AHA)、美国心脏病学会(ACC)和美国预防医学工作组(USPSTF)等重要机构都推荐高危人群每天服用低剂量的阿司匹林作为一级预防手段。