AACR 2020:KRAS突变在不同癌肿的发生率

2020-04-29 MedSci MedSci原创

尽管KRAS引发的癌症突变长期以来一直是癌症研究领域的重点,但有效的靶向疗法却少之又少;Kenneth Westover博士表示,这项研究工作或许会支持一种观点,即并不是所有的致癌KRAS突变都会引发

尽管KRAS引发的癌症突变长期以来一直是癌症研究领域的重点,但有效的靶向疗法却少之又少;Kenneth Westover博士表示,这项研究工作或许会支持一种观点,即并不是所有的致癌KRAS突变都会引发癌症,而我们开发的模型或许可以帮助对KRAS突变的癌症进行再分类,以便可以根据每一种突变来制定有效的疗法。三大靶向药AMG510、BGB-283和MRTX849都可能在顽固的KRAS突变的肿瘤上取得突破,因此,KRAS的分布备受关注。

以前研究发现大约22%的癌症患者都有KRAS突变,尤其是胰腺癌(68%)、胆管癌(27%)和肺癌(17%)。

一项研究分析了来自97个不同癌种的64217个肿瘤标本中KRAS突变的情况。共有644757种突变。RAS通路异常在多个癌种都可发现,常见的包括胰腺癌(77.7%)、结直肠癌(44.8%)、NSCLC(31.2%)、乳腺癌(1.1%)和间皮瘤(0.5%)。

对于KRAS突变不同的亚型,在各个癌种的分布也不尽一致。比如 KRAS G12C在NSCLCvs结直肠癌vs胰腺癌发生率为48% vs 10% vs 1%。G12D在胰腺癌和结直肠癌中占比较高,为47%和44%,NSCLC为17%。G12R突变在胰腺癌占了17%,NSCLC为1%,结直肠癌为2%。

 

KRAS突变的患者容易出现其他位点共突变。比如NSCLC患者KRAS常与STK11、ATM、KEAP1和RBM10共突变,胰腺癌常出现KRAS与CDKN2A、TP53和SMAD4共突变,结直肠癌的KRAS常与PIK3CA、APC共突变。

同时,本次AACR会议上,还公布了一项研究,采用VS-6766联合defactinib治疗KRAS突变实体瘤,VS-6766是RAF/MEK抑制剂,defactinib为FAK抑制剂,两者联用在理论上可更全面地抑制癌细胞用来产生耐药性的信号通路。

在这项1期研究中,纳入了RAS突变的晚期实体瘤患者(包括低级别浆液性卵巢癌、KRAS突变NSCLC及RAS突变结直肠癌),接受VS-6766和defactinib进行联合治疗。结果显示,总体低级别浆液性卵巢癌患者的ORR为50%(4/8),KRAS突变卵巢癌的ORR为67%(4/6),其中1例PR持续了1年以上。与既往的数据相比,这类患者用化疗的ORR<10%,曲美替尼为26%,binimetinib为24%,司美替尼为15%,这意味着双靶治疗带来疗效提升。

在携带KRAS突变的NSCLC患者中(n=10),DCR为80%。

三大靶向药物治疗KRAS的数据

AMG510:控制率近80%

AMG510是由安进公司研发的一种新型小分子抑制剂,通过将KRASG12C锁定在不活跃的GDP结合状态,从而特异性地、不可逆地抑制KRASG12C突变。据了解,安进公司通过筛选了六百多个化学分子后,才得到AMG510这个小分子抑制剂。

在ASCO会议上,安进公司也公布了AMG510的一期临床数据;招募了经≥2线治疗的含有KRASG12C突变的晚期实体瘤患者35例(14例非小细胞肺癌患者﹑19例结直肠癌患者﹑2例其他类型肿瘤患者),分成四组,分别接受AMG510每日1次180mg﹑360mg﹑720mg﹑960mg治疗。研究的主要终点为安全性,次要终点为药代动力学客观缓解率(ORR)﹑应答持续时间和无进展生存期(PFS)。

临床数据显示:在可评估的29位患者中,总体客观有效率为17.24%,疾病控制率为79.31%,并且疗效持续。尤其值得一提的是,其中10位非小细胞肺癌患者,5位患者达到客观缓解(PR),4位病情稳定(SD),疾病控制率达到90%。

AMG510针对KRAS突变肺癌患者的临床数据

 8月初,安进公司更新了AMG510的临床数据,发现一位及直肠癌和一位阑尾癌患者达到了临床缓解;

9月中旬,在世界肺癌大会(WCLC)上,安进公司更新了AMG510对KRAS突变的肺癌患者的临床数据:23位患者,临床有效率48%,控制率100%。

所以,目前AMG510已经在KRAS突变的肥效细胞肺癌、肠癌和阑尾癌种有了初步疗效,前景可期。

2
MRTX849:临床开启,期待数据

除了AMG510,还有一个针对KRASG12C代号为MRTX849的药物,由MiratiTherapeutics研发。MRTX849是一个口服的小分子抑制剂,与KRASG12C不可逆共价结合,具有高度选择性。

MRTX849的原理

 目前,MRTX849的临床试验正在招募中,临床试验代号NCT03785249,国内暂时还没有,需要出国。针对的癌症类型包括非小细胞肺癌、结直肠癌和其它实体肿瘤。

3 BGB-283:曲线救国,小荷才露尖尖角

早在2017年的ACCR年会上,百济神州就公布了其新药BGB-283针对KRAS突变癌症患者的小规模临床实验数据:

○  针对KRAS突变的子宫内膜癌,疾病控制率达到了100%;

○  对有KRAS突变的肠癌,疾病控制率为60%;

○  对KRAS突变的肺癌,疾病控制率为50%,有效率为16.7%

BGB-283是一种新型的RAF抑制剂,与前面所说的KRASG12C抑制剂不同,它虽然不直接抑制KRASG12C,但可以通过“曲线救国”的方式同时阻断RAF和EGFR,也就是同时打击KRAS的“左膀右臂”。

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    2020-06-25 tamgche
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    2020-05-01 yinhl1978
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    2020-05-01 10518094zz
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    2020-05-01 Luyuxie_14
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    2020-05-01 bioon7

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Trovagene是一家临床阶段的肿瘤治疗公司,今日公布了Onvansertib联合FOLFIRI和Avastin®(贝伐单抗)二线治疗KRAS突变的转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)的Ib / II临床试验的积极数据。

JTO:病例分享——见微知著,KRAS突变肺腺癌转化为小细胞肺癌是免疫治疗的耐药机制?

随着免疫治疗2.0时代的进一步推进,免疫治疗耐药不可避免成为众矢之的。探讨免疫耐药机制、克服免疫耐药是扩大免疫检查点抑制剂的获益人群、实现精准治疗的关键所在。肺腺癌向小细胞肺癌(SCLC)转化是表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)的耐药机制之一,但肺腺癌经免疫治疗后罕有病例会出现转化。但有研究发现,经过纳武利尤单抗治疗后有2例KRAS突变肺腺癌患者发生了小细胞肺癌转化,近日发表在J

CELL REP:研究人员发现针对癌症KRAS突变的新疗法

为了确定KRASi的适应途径,并预测规避耐药性的药物组合,研究人员使用基于质谱法的定量时空蛋白组学方法,对胰腺癌和肺癌的二维和三维细胞模型中KRASi的蛋白组学反应进行了剖析。

KRAS突变靶向药物AMG510即将进入中国开展临床试验

在过去的10至15年中,癌症基因组测序的发展已鉴定出许多致癌基因,比如EGFR,ALK,NTRK,MET,BRAF....然而,作为人类癌症中最常出现突变的致癌基因-KRAS基因,从最初发现至今的30

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AACR重磅:局部晚期或转移性胃/GEJ癌患者使用抗TTX-030联合化学免疫疗法的一线治疗的安全性有效性评估

TTX-030、布加利单抗和FOLFOX的组合作为1L治疗LA/M胃/GEJ癌,无论CPS状态如何,都表现出良好的疗效

AACR重磅之KEYNOTE-042:帕博丽珠单抗持续延长了中国晚期/转移性PD-L1阳性NSCLC患者的生存期——Keynote-042中国研究的4年随访数据结果

一线帕博丽珠单抗继续延长了中国晚期/转移性PD-L1阳性NSCLC患者的OS,并在随访近4年后提供了持久的反应。

AACR重磅:高基因扩增和肿瘤突变负荷组合作为接受替雷丽珠单抗治疗患者的泛癌生物标志物

TMB和HA的组合对用替雷利珠单抗治疗各种实体瘤类型的临床获益有预测作用。

AACR重磅之RATIONALE-304:肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)与替雷利珠单抗(TIS)+化疗(chemo)与单独化疗在晚期非鳞状非小细胞肺癌(nsq-NSCLC)一线治疗的临床结局研究

tTMB和bTMB都没有与PFS获益显著相关,表明在TIS+化疗作为晚期nsq-NSCLC一线治疗的情况下,tTMB和bTMB的临床效用有限。