Stroke Vasc Neurol:双联抗血小板治疗的起始时间窗是否可以扩大到72小时?

2019-02-24 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

急性小缺血性卒中(ischaemic stroke,IS)和 TIA 非常常见,以及常在前几周引起残疾事件。抗血小板治疗能够显着降低高风险患者的血管事件风险。当前的指南强烈推荐急性 IS 早期应该给予阿司匹林。然而,双联抗血小板治疗的安全性和有效性尚未被完全阐明。

急性小缺血性卒中(ischaemic stroke,IS)和 TIA 非常常见,以及常在前几周引起残疾事件。抗血小板治疗能够显着降低高风险患者的血管事件风险。当前的指南强烈推荐急性 IS 早期应该给予阿司匹林。然而,双联抗血小板治疗的安全性和有效性尚未被完全阐明。

在过去几十年中,一些大型 RCT 研究已经发现双联抗血小板治疗能够更加有效地降低脑栓塞的风险,包括 CARESS 试验和 CLAIR 试验。Chance 试验(n = 5170例非心源性 IS 或 TIA 的中国患者)进一步阐明了双联抗血小板治疗21天时安全的。

纳入了 Chance 试验和其他13项 RCT 共9012例患者的 meta 分析显示症状发作3天内给予双联抗血小板治疗(vs 单抗)能够更加有效的降低卒中复发风险(RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.80; p<0.001)和复合终点(包括卒中、TIA 和急性冠脉综合征以及全因死亡)的风险(RR 0.71; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.81; p<0.001),并且未显着增加严重出血的风险(RR 1.35; 95% CI 0.70 to 2.59, p=0.37)。2018年 AHA 指南推荐氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林可以用于小 IS 或 TIA的早期二级预防(IIA)。然而,考虑到尚不清楚这个方案能否用于非亚洲人群,因此指南仅对双联抗血小板治疗进行了谨慎地推荐。

Chance 研究发表5年后,发布了大型双盲 RCT 研究POINT 试验,该研究验乞了阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷双联抗血小板治疗的疗效。为了进一步探索早期双联抗血小板治疗预防卒中复发的有效性和安全性,近期来自天坛医院的杨营营等更新了《急性非心源性缺血性卒中或 TIA 双联抗血小板 vs 单联抗血小板 RCT 试验meta 分析》,并发表在Stroke and Vascular Neurology 杂志上。

该 meta 分析纳入了18项随机对照试验,共15515例患者。与单联抗血小板治疗相比,双联抗血小板治疗能够显着降低急性 IS 或 TIA 患者的卒中复发风险(RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78; p<0.001),降低复合血管事件风险(RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.80; p<0.001)。当综合所有试验数据后,双联抗血小板治疗与显着增加严重出血的风险有关(RR 1.77; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.87; p=0.02)。不过,当仅分析 POINT 试验以前的试验时,双联抗血小板治疗与显着增加严重出血的风险无关(RR 1.46; 95% CI 0.77 to 2.75; p=0.25)。

最终作者认为对于发病3天内的急性非心源性缺血性卒中或 TIA 患者,双联抗血小板治疗与卒中复发和复合血管事件的风险降低有关(vs 单联抗血小板治疗)。不过,观察到会显着增加严重出血的风险。

原始出处:Yang Y, Zhou M, Zhong X, et al. Dual versus mono antiplatelet therapy for acute non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2018 Jun 26;3(2):107-116.

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    2019-08-01 yinhl1978
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