老年人为什么更容易得肿瘤?

2017-06-21 爱家早查 ZHT 女人健康汇

随着人们生活水平的提高和医疗条件的改善,人民群众的平均寿命逐渐延长,然而紧随其上的是,中老年人恶性肿瘤的发病率越来越高。在发达国家中,中老年人发生肿瘤的危险高于青年人数倍。我国相关数据也显示,2015年新发肿瘤病例中,65岁及以上老年人群占全部发病的45.42%。



中老年人得肿瘤的主要原因

1 首先,肿瘤有一个漫长的潜伏期

中老年人易患肿瘤,首先与肿瘤的病因和其生物学特点有关。肿瘤的形成常常是多年的慢性刺激和长期接触致癌物质的结果,是个较长期的过程,一般肿瘤的潜伏期(从单个变异细胞不断分裂形成肿瘤并表现出症状)长达10~30年。一个人年轻时受某些致癌因素的作用,细胞发生异常变化,往往要等到40~50岁之后才开始发病,继而形成中老年肿瘤发病的高峰。
 
2 其次,年龄越大接触致癌因子时间越长

在癌症的病因中有80%来自外界致癌因素,其中大部分是化学性致癌因素,人生活和工作在这种有致癌因素的环境中,或多或少地接触了致癌因子。年龄愈大接触时间愈长的人,导致癌症的机会愈大,所以癌症的发病率随年龄的递增而上升。

3 再次,中老年人免疫力降低

步入中老年以后,随着全身机能衰竭和免疫系统功能的衰退,人体对肿瘤细胞的免疫监视和清除作用降低,比年轻人更容易受到各种外界致癌因素的影响,使得肿瘤有机会发生和发展。

中老年人得肿瘤的特殊原因

1 内分泌紊乱易引发肿瘤

中老年人身体内的免疫系统易发生紊乱,使得病因上与内分泌关系明显的一些肿瘤易于发生。比如,乳腺癌与内分泌关系密切,50岁左右的中年妇女正是乳腺癌的一个发病高峰。此外,女性生殖系统肿瘤(宫颈癌、子宫癌、卵巢癌等)在此阶段也较多发,真可谓是“多事之秋”。

2 工作和生活精神压力大

中年人是社会栋梁,也是家庭的顶梁柱,工作及生活负担重,精神压力也较大。人的精神状态在很大程度上影响着人们的身体健康,经常性的过度疲劳和精神紧张都会降低身体的抵抗力,使得包括肿瘤在内的各种疾病趁虚而入。现代医学越来越重视精神因素与疾病的内在关系,临床上不少常见肿瘤患者在发病过程中有长期不正常的精神状态,如忧愁、紧张、过度抑郁等。

3 对癌症的警惕性不高

中年人上有老下有小,由于工作和生活上的忙碌,往往忽视自己的身体健康状况。而许多肿瘤的早期症状缺乏特异性,易被误认为是更年期的一般变化,所以更容易被中年人忽略。一旦症状明显,肿瘤往往以发展到了中晚期,治疗起来比较困难,死亡率也比较高。

老年人得肿瘤的特点

1

易患多发性恶性肿瘤

老年人易患多发性恶性肿瘤,即一个人同时或先后患不同组织、器官的原发癌,年龄越大,多发性恶性肿瘤的比例越高。

2

无症状的潜伏肿瘤比较多

老年人无症状的潜伏肿瘤较多,不少老年人生前未发现肿瘤,死后做尸体解剖却发现肿瘤病灶,年龄越大,潜伏肿瘤越多。之所以出现无症状潜伏肿瘤,可能是由于老年人的代谢水平下降,肿瘤发展缓慢,症状暴露前就已死于其它老年性疾病。而且,“无症状”也不是绝对的,很可能是肿瘤症状被其它老年性疾病所掩盖。

3

肿瘤表现缺少特异性

年轻的肿瘤患者多表现出一些原发癌特有的症状,而老年肿瘤患者,往往表现出一些非特异性,如衰弱、无力、全身痛等,容易被当做一般衰老表现而被忽略。

4

容易被误诊为其它疾病

由于老年人疾病很多,而这些疾病的许多症状与肿瘤表现比较类似,所以老年人肿瘤容易被误诊为其它老年性常见病。如骨肿瘤可变现为关节疼痛和骨质疏松,易被误认为老年退行性关节炎或风湿病。

5

肿瘤转移率低

老年人肿瘤转移率低,即发现肿瘤时,已经转移到身体其它部位的比较少见。可能是由于老年人肿瘤发展缓慢,转移动力小,发生转移较晚,也可能是由于老年人抗病能力较低,发生转移前已死于肿瘤或其它疾病。

结语

中老年人不但是肿瘤侵袭的主要“目标”,而且与年轻人相比更加难以发现,所以老年人对于肿瘤的警惕性应该更高,最好能定期检查身体,已发现潜在的肿瘤病灶。

老年人出现身体不适时,不要简单的认为是衰老或其它疾病引起的而置之不理,应及时到医院检查治疗,以免耽误病情。

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    2017-06-22 luominglian113

    学习了,谢谢分享

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    2017-06-21 清风拂面

    学习了,谢谢分享

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    2017-06-21 flysky120

    学习一下知识了

    0

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    2017-06-21 雾夜芭蕾

    老年人缘何更容易的肿瘤呢

    0

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    2017-06-21 我是谁??

    学习了。。。。。

    0

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    2017-06-21 Norene

    学习了。。。。。

    0

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    2017-06-21 1361e94681m

    揭示了一般规律,好文章!

    0

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