全新发布!风湿性疾病患者围妊娠期药物使用规范:指南共识

2021-11-25 网络 网络

风湿性疾病是一大类主要累及关节及其周围组织的慢性炎症性疾病,大多数情况下患者需长期用药,并且部分风湿病发病高峰为育龄期,因此妊娠期用药难以避免。

风湿性疾病是一大类主要累及关节及其周围组织的慢性炎症性疾病,大多数情况下患者需长期用药,并且部分风湿病发病高峰为育龄期,因此妊娠期用药难以避免。

近日,中华医学会风湿病学分会组织国内有关专家,在借鉴国内外相关领域的指南、共识诊疗经验的基础上制定并发布《风湿性疾病患者围妊娠期药物使用规范》,对风湿性疾病常用药物在备孕期、妊娠期和哺乳期的应用与注意事项提出建议,旨在规范风湿性疾病围妊娠期的药物使用。

1.女性风湿病患者围妊娠期避免使用的药物

围妊娠期应避免使用可能导致胎儿畸形的药物,风湿免疫科医生需根据患者的病情和妊娠计划,合理规划用药(表1)。

 

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2.女性风湿病患者围妊娠期可选择的药物

糖皮质激素

糖皮质激素是治疗风湿疾病的主要药物之一,其与妊娠不良事件的相关性报道不一。建议在疾病稳定、无重要脏器累及的前提下,泼尼松≤10mg/d(或等效的其他不含氟的激素,表2)时考虑妊娠。

 

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如果妊娠期出现疾病活动,但仍继续妊娠者,可增加激素剂量,并适当联用妊娠期相对安全的免疫抑制剂。使用激素时,可以进行哺乳,但如果泼尼松≥20mg/d,应丢弃服药后4h内的乳汁。

羟氯喹

备孕患者可使用羟氯喹,并建议妊娠期持续用药。羟氯喹随乳汁分泌量少,因此哺乳期也可使用。

钙调磷酸酶抑制剂

风湿病患者使用的钙调磷酸酶抑制剂主要包括环孢素和他克莫司。长期稳定服用环孢素或他克莫司的患者在围妊娠期不需要换用其他药物,并可酌情进行母乳喂养。

硫唑嘌呤

硫唑嘌呤是风湿病患者围妊娠期相对安全的免疫抑制剂,常用剂量为1.5~2.0mg/kg/d。哺乳期尽量避免服用硫唑嘌呤,但其代谢产物在母乳中的含量较低,因此,如病情需要则可以酌情继续使用,建议丢弃服药后4h内的乳汁。

柳氮磺吡啶

柳氮磺嘧啶可通过胎盘屏障,但可能不增加流产、低出生体重儿或先天性畸形的风险。最大剂量可用至2g/d。哺乳期患者使用柳氮磺吡啶,对健康的足月新生儿可正常哺乳,但对早产儿、葡萄糖‑6‑磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症患儿以及高胆红素血症患儿哺乳需谨慎。

秋水仙碱

风湿病女性患者在备孕期和整个妊娠期均可使用秋水仙碱。秋水仙碱在乳汁中含量较低,哺乳期使用相对安全。为谨慎起见,亦可以在服用秋水仙碱12h后开始母乳喂养。

非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)

在孕早期,使用NSAIDs可能造成羊水产生过少及自然流产的风险增加,此阶段应尽量避免使用NSAIDs;如孕中期必须使用NSAIDs,应尽可能使用最小有效剂量和最短使用时间;妊娠晚期应避免使用NSAIDs。布洛芬≤1600mg/d时其乳汁中的分泌量低,为哺乳期首选的NSAIDs。

肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)抑制剂

妊娠期使用TNF抑制剂相对安全,首选TNF抑制剂为培塞利珠单抗,该药可以在全妊娠期使用,无需调整剂量。

其他TNF抑制剂(包括依那西普、注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体‑抗体融合蛋白、英夫利西单抗、阿达木单抗、戈利木单抗等)含IgG1Fc段,胎盘转运率较高(特别是在妊娠晚期),因此含Fc段的TNF抑制剂需在妊娠晚期停药,具体停药时间依据药物半衰期而定。所有类型的TNF抑制剂均可在哺乳期使用。

静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)

风湿病患者围妊娠期可安全应用IVIG。

3.女性风湿病患者妊娠期和哺乳期安全性尚不明确的药物

生物制剂

部分生物制剂的围妊娠期安全性不明,因此应谨慎使用。备孕期患者建议停用托珠单抗3个月后再妊娠,利妥昔单抗建议在备孕前6个月停用。育龄期女性,在贝利尤单抗治疗期间和治疗结束后至少4个月内应注意避孕;在阿巴西普治疗期间和末次给药后14周内,应注意避孕。

妊娠期和哺乳期女性应避免使用司库奇尤单抗。目前缺乏贝利尤单抗通过乳汁分泌的研究数据,建议使用者暂停哺乳。接受阿巴西普治疗期间应停止哺乳,如需哺乳,应与末次给药时间至少间隔14周。

分子靶向药物

育龄期女性在接受JAK抑制剂治疗时和结束治疗后至少4周内应注意避孕,不建议在妊娠和哺乳期使用该类药物。

4.男性风湿病患者生育准备期的药物使用

男性风湿病患者在生育准备期可以继续使用的药物包括硫唑嘌呤、秋水仙碱、羟氯喹和各种TNF抑制剂。柳氮磺吡啶可能导致男性可逆性精子缺乏,如发生受孕困难需在备孕前3个月停药。甲氨蝶呤、来氟米特、吗替麦考酚酯等药物的安全性尚不明确。

 

男性风湿病患者在生育准备期不能使用的药物包括环磷酰胺和沙利度胺,环磷酰胺至少在准备生育前12周停药,沙利度胺至少在准备生育前4周停药。

对于有妊娠计划的风湿病患者,风湿免疫科医生一方面需仔细评估患者目前病情、用药等情况是否具备妊娠条件,另一方面应就妊娠本身及用药可能对患者和胎儿的影响与患者及家属进行充分沟通;同时,风湿免疫科医生需与妇产科、生殖科、新生儿科等相关学科合作、制定个体化病情监测及治疗方案,以期获得最佳妊娠结局。

 

参考文献:张文,李懿莎,刘冬舟,等.风湿性疾病患者围妊娠期药物使用规范[J].中华内科杂志,2021,60(11):946-953.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210527-00372.

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799187, encodeId=1f6b1e991876a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Fri May 13 23:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971602, encodeId=49f019e1602aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Sun Feb 27 15:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079789, encodeId=430f10e9789ba, content=学习需要的太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Tue Dec 14 06:59:14 CST 2021, time=2021-12-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074617, encodeId=0c5d10e461744, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 21:08:53 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074616, encodeId=5e8d10e461646, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 21:07:43 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251307, encodeId=6a11125130efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 04:30:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361347, encodeId=47e0136134e91, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15ac10083129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#风湿性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100831, encryptionId=15ac10083129, topicName=风湿性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=872f168, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 04:30:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073879, encodeId=1d3010e3879c4, content=自动体外除颤仪便于操作,即使非专业人员也可以安全进行除颤。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 16:40:35 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-14 D-House

    学习需要的太多了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1799187, encodeId=1f6b1e991876a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Fri May 13 23:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-05-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971602, encodeId=49f019e1602aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797b8e67141' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#药物使用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87671, encryptionId=797b8e67141, topicName=药物使用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f67438, createdName=xiaogang317, createdTime=Sun Feb 27 15:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079789, encodeId=430f10e9789ba, content=学习需要的太多了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Tue Dec 14 06:59:14 CST 2021, time=2021-12-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074617, encodeId=0c5d10e461744, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 21:08:53 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1074616, encodeId=5e8d10e461646, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220625/6f4f075937de4c5d9fc7ab3a1bc6d8c2/13a8a29e67044698af1fb74276589093.jpg, createdBy=b5c55099112, createdName=D-House, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 21:07:43 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1251307, encodeId=6a11125130efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=90494486837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#妊娠期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44868, encryptionId=90494486837, topicName=妊娠期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 04:30:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1361347, encodeId=47e0136134e91, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15ac10083129' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#风湿性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100831, encryptionId=15ac10083129, topicName=风湿性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=872f168, createdName=gracezdd, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 04:30:05 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1073879, encodeId=1d3010e3879c4, content=自动体外除颤仪便于操作,即使非专业人员也可以安全进行除颤。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Thu Nov 25 16:40:35 CST 2021, time=2021-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-27 D-House

    学习了

    0

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    2021-11-27 D-House

    学习了

    0

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    2021-11-25 查查佳佳

    自动体外除颤仪便于操作,即使非专业人员也可以安全进行除颤。

    0

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