Alzheimer Dementia : 磷酸化tau蛋白,比总tau蛋白和神经丝轻链更能预测痴呆

2021-12-09 Freeman MedSci原创

血浆p-tau181用于检测AD痴呆,以及使用基于血液的生物标志物进行最佳疾病检测。

美国国家老龄化研究所和阿尔茨海默氏症协会(NIA-AA)研究框架通过其潜在的病理生理过程定义了阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)。测量AD神经病理变化的体内生物标志物对于AD的早期检测和治疗至关重要。生物标志物有三种分类:脑淀粉样变(A)、神经变性(N)和tau病理(T)。

脑脊液(CSF)和正电子发射断层扫描(PET)成像是检测AD病理生理学的黄金标准,为识别淀粉样β(Aβ)和高磷酸化tau(p-tau)提供了一个进入中枢神经系统(CNS)的直接窗口。磁共振成像(MRI)是评估神经元损失(如萎缩)的常规方法,但CSF分析蛋白质,如总tau(t-tau)和神经丝光(NfL),也能深入了解神经变性的严重程度。这些方法被认为是侵入性的和/或昂贵的,因此需要具有类似准确性的可扩展生物标志物测量。开发更实用的生物标志物将允许在研究和临床环境中大规模实施。


通过超灵敏的免疫测定和质谱技术的进步,可以在血液中检测到低丰度的蛋白质,为生物标志物的开发提供了一个令人兴奋的途径。在AD和AD相关痴呆症领域,神经变性的血浆生物标志物一直备受关注,特别是NfL和t-tau,它们反映了神经元损伤和细胞死亡或变性。Sugarman等人发现,较高的血浆NfL水平可将AD痴呆症与正常认知(NC)和轻度认知障碍(MCI)的患者区分开来;此外,血浆NfL与疾病的严重程度和多个领域的神经心理测试表现恶化有关,无论是在基线还是纵向上。血浆t-tau的结果不太乐观,它只能区分AD痴呆和NC,与神经心理学功能的相关性较弱,而且不能预测纵向结果。这些结果与以前的研究是一致的,这些研究支持血浆NfL是比t-tau更准确的AD神经变性的生物标志物。


最近的探究针对免疫测定的发展来检测血液中的p-tau。高磷酸化tau是AD病理学的标志,也是AD神经变性和认知及功能下降的前兆,使其成为生物标志物研究的明确目标,以促进疾病的检测、诊断和评估治疗反应。随着p-tau免疫测定技术的新发展,血浆p-tau显示出作为AD病理的一个可行的生物标志物的潜力。虽然CSF中测量的多种tau磷酸化形式支持检测AD型tau病理,如苏氨酸217(p-tau217)和苏氨酸231(p-tau231),但苏氨酸181(p-tau181)在早期血浆生物标志物分析中已被广泛描述。 血浆中的p-tau181浓度与神经心理学测试表现恶化有关,与纵向灰质萎缩和转化为AD痴呆的几率增加相关,并将AD痴呆与其他神经退行性疾病(如。额颞叶变性)。此外,在最近的一项尸检研究中,血浆p-tau181对AD病理有很高的预测性;尽管是在死前8年采集的,但该生物标志物对死后的AD tauopathy是敏感的。

关于血浆p-tau181准确检测AD临床表现的能力的研究仍处于起步阶段。现有的研究集中在p-tau181上;血浆p-tau181与其他血浆生物标志物相比,以及与其他血浆生物标志物相结合的诊断效用仍不清楚。这是一个重要的局限性,因为相对于任何一种孤立的血浆蛋白,一组血浆生物标志物可能会有最佳的诊断准确性。本研究的目的是考察血浆p-tau181与认知诊断状态(即NC、AD导致的MCI和AD痴呆)之间的关联,单独和与血浆tau和NfL一起,以及测试血浆p-tau181与神经心理学测试表现之间的关联。

网络理论表明,像神经系统疾病这样的实体最好从一个包容性的方法来理解,各种预测因素和推论都要协同检查。网络模型代表了一个联合条件概率分布,其中节点(即变量)与边(即变量之间的有向或无向关联)相连。这些模型是理解复杂系统的数据驱动的尝试。虽然没有得到充分利用,但网络模型已被用于AD的生物标志物研究,,最近还被用于一项基于血液的生物标志物研究。

 

波士顿大学的Brandon Frank等人,使用Simoa平台对235名认知正常(NC)的参与者、181名因AD导致的轻度认知障碍(MCI)的参与者和153名AD痴呆患者的血浆样本进行了分析。统计学方法包括多叉回归和高斯图形模型(GGMs),以评估血浆生物标志物、神经心理学测试和人口统计学变量的网络。

他们发现:血浆p-tau181可以区分AD痴呆和NC,但不能区分MCI,并与痴呆严重程度和更差的神经心理测试表现相关。

血浆NfL同样可以区分诊断组。与血浆NfL或t-tau不同,p-tau181在引导的GGM中与认知诊断有直接联系。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:血浆p-tau181用于检测AD痴呆,以及使用基于血液的生物标志物进行最佳疾病检测。


原文出处:
Frank B, Ally M, Brekke B, et al. Plasma p‐tau 181 shows stronger network association to Alzheimer’s disease dementia than neurofilament light and total tau. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online December 2, 2021:alz.12508. doi:10.1002/alz.12508

 

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    2021-12-09 hb2008ye
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    2021-12-08 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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2018年全球老年痴呆患者约为5000万,平均每3秒钟就有一位老人被诊断为老年期痴呆。

Alzheimer Dementia : 额颞叶痴呆,其行为特点和照顾者的负担有何关联?

应该为照顾者提供早期教育,以管理FTLD谱系障碍的行为特征

Alzheimer Dementia :遗传性痴呆,认知减退速度各有不同

在症状出现后,年轻的ADADMCs下降得更快

拓展阅读

Alzheimer Dementia:从患者和护理的角度看阿尔茨海默病生物标志物检测和结果

有痴呆生活经验者的观点为生物标志物检测的价值提供了新的视角,应作为证据指导下的检测前咨询和结果考虑因素的一部分。

Annals of Neurology:AD相关生物标志物对皮质基底综合征和进行性核上性麻痹的影响

AD生物标志物阳性可能会改变CBS/PSP的临床表现,并有证据表明与AD病理/共病理相关的独特的大脑结构和功能变化。

IJNS:基于生命历程模型的多领域干预可降低老年人痴呆的风险

基于生命历程模型的多领域干预是可行的,有可能降低中国高危老年人患痴呆症的风险,改善他们的认知功能。

ART:视网膜血管的变化有望为观测阿尔茨海默病进程提供一个窗口

视网膜血管测量并不能代表非痴呆个体的脑血管损伤,而鼻侧象限的VD与海马萎缩相关,与淀粉样蛋白状态无关。

Neurology:利用基于弥散的神经炎症成像技术研究阿尔茨海默病的白质神经炎症

WM神经炎症在AD临床症状出现之前就已发生改变,并且与淀粉样变性相互作用。

Nature子刊:与记忆力训练相比,瑜伽对老年痴呆高危妇女的认知和免疫学影响

KY 对 SCD 有临床和生物学上的益处,将认知的变化与瑜伽的抗炎作用联系起来。

2022 欧洲共识:MCI和轻度痴呆初级阶段的诊断和治疗

意大利阿尔兹海默病专家组 · 2022-10-09

适合痴呆症患者的急救护理:老年急救护理应用研究网络范围审查和共识会议的结果

急性期后和长期护理学会(AMDA,The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine) · 2022-08-01

痴呆及阿尔茨海默病进展要点简析

四川大学华西医院 · 2022-07-26