Cancer Cell:基于多蛋白复合物的癌症精准治疗范式,有望攻克一半以上的肿瘤

2019-11-05 Blake 转化医学网

蛋白质是细胞功能的执行者,蛋白互作网络(Protein-Protein Interaction,PPI)通过蛋白之间的相互作用参与基因调节、基因表达、信号传递、代谢及周期调控等各个环节。在肿瘤恶化过程中,细胞中蛋白质互作网络会发生改变,然而,目前并没有针对这种变化的诊断工具。

近日,纪念斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心的研究人员建立了针对多蛋白复合物(epichaperome)治疗癌症的精准医学方法,并发表于《Cancer Cell》期刊上。研究人员利用靶向epichaperome药物PU-H71的同位素实时成像,从单个病灶水平定量评估并优化了药物剂量,为靶向蛋白互作网络的精准医学提供了临床前和临床研究范式。



细胞中一些相互作用的蛋白网络在细胞中发挥着重要的功能,比如伴侣蛋白组(chaperome),它是一个多种蛋白组成的蛋白家族,包含有分子伴侣(chaperone)、辅助伴侣、折叠酶等。
 
多蛋白复合物(epichaperome),是伴侣蛋白组(chaperome)在应激状态下形成的紧密且稳定的蛋白复合物,最初由该团队于2016年发现并命名。
 
细胞中的一些蛋白如HSP90、HSP70、sHSPs、HSP60等可形成相互作用网络,从而发挥重要的功能。正常细胞中这种蛋白互作网络处于一种动态的状态,即它们形成的复合物是瞬时的,网络中大多蛋白依然是一个单独的功能单位,或以小的复合体形式存在。在50%以上的肿瘤中,以HSP90和HSC70为核心的蛋白作用网络不再处于动态状态,相反,HSP90、HSP70与sHSPs、HSP60、AHA1、CDC37等数十种蛋白聚合在一起,形成一个稳定的整体——多蛋白复合物(epichaperome)。由于没有了空间距离的限制,该复合物中的蛋白互作或许更加高效,进而帮助肿瘤细胞应对各种应激环境,促进肿瘤细胞的生存。


伴侣蛋白组(chaperome) 在应激状态下(比如转录激活因子MYC)形成多蛋白复合物(epichaperome),并且epichaperome抑制剂可导致其死亡。
 
根据细胞中是否存在epichaperome,研究人员将肿瘤分为两类,即epichaperome阳性肿瘤(I型)、epichaperome阴性肿瘤(II型),而正常组织中则几乎不表达epichaperome。
 
前期研究已经发现, HSP90抑制剂PU-H71对I型的阳性肿瘤杀伤效果更强,对II型的阴性肿瘤则几乎没有效果。研究人员认为I型肿瘤中以HSP90和HSC70为核心的蛋白作用网络联系更紧密,如同多米诺骨牌,当其中一个核心环节断裂,会导致整个网络的崩塌。


I型肿瘤、II型肿瘤以及正常组织中蛋白互作网络示意图,epichaperome抑制剂PU-H71可在I型肿瘤中特异性富集(K0ffslow),在II型肿瘤和正常组织中则不会富集(K0fffast)。
 
在50-70%的肿瘤中已经检测到epichaperome的表达,而且与肿瘤类型无关,即与肿瘤发生部位、基因突变等无关。因此,建立基于epichaperome的肿瘤诊断和治疗方法具有重要的意义。近日,该团队又通过PU-H71的同位素实时成像,从单个病灶水平定量评估并优化了药物剂量,为靶向epichaperome的肿瘤诊断和治疗提供了范式。
 
由于epichaperome与HSP90和HSC70的基因表达水平无关,而且以HSP90和HSC70为核心的蛋白作用网络只占癌细胞chaperome的一小部分。为了对epichaperome进行检测,研究人员采用了同位素标记的PU-H71探针。该探针可定量检测epichaperome阳性的肿瘤,而且可以区分epichaperome和其它的chaperome。
 
首先,研究人员开展了体内和体外实验和临床试验,以探索了肿瘤中PU-H71浓度(Tumor PK)与药物效果(Tumor PD)的关系,从而确定最优的药物剂量。


LC-MS/MS检测癌症患者肿瘤和血浆中PU-H71浓度。(A)实验方案。(B)不同剂量24h后患者肿瘤和血浆中PU-H71浓度。(C)不同剂量患者血浆中PU-H71浓度随时间的变化曲线。(D)不同剂量患者血浆PU-H71的AUC值。
 
虽然对肿瘤中药物浓度的静态检测有助于确定最优的药物剂量,但不能确定药物的使用间隔,而且从患者体内重复取样是不可行的。因此,研究人员采用了PU-PET技术,即同位素标记的PU-H71探针。并在小鼠的MDA-MB-468 CDX肿瘤模型以及临床上进行实时Tumor PK检测。



PU-PET可在单病灶水平实时检测PU-H71在Epichaperome阳性肿瘤中的动力学曲线。(A)小鼠MDA-MIB-468肿瘤模型实验。(B) PU-PET的临床试验方案流程。(C-E)具有代表性的乳腺癌患者PET图像。C为淋巴结,D为胸膜疾病,E为实体肿瘤。(F) 晚期癌症患者PU-H71的Tumor PK变化曲线。(G)肌肉组织、阴性肿瘤、阳性肿瘤的PU-PE图像信号强度。
 
PU-PET提供了药物在患者体内的实时变化,这种变化可以换算成肿瘤内实时的PU-H71浓度。因此,PU-H71 PET可非侵入性的实时定量检测体内PU-H71浓度。在随后开展的临床研究中 ,研究人员证实了PU-PET可用来换算成PU-H71浓度。

PU-PET定量检测PU-H71 Tumor PK。(A) 用PU-H71 Tumor PK来转换为浓度的实验方案设计。(B)肿瘤PU-H71放射性的时间变化曲线。(C)经公式换算后的肿瘤PU-H71浓度时间变化曲线。
 
由于PU-H71在表达epichaperome的肿瘤中可特异性富集,PU-PET方法可同时提供肿瘤中PU-H71的实时的定性和定量的信息。因此,研究人员认为,PU-PET或许可辅助提供个体化的药物剂量方案。为了验证这个想法,研究人员开发了一个数学模型,经过实验验证,该模型可模拟不同剂量条件下药物稳态峰值。


PU-PET检测产生的数据可评估最优剂量、给药方案以及有效性。
 
目前,多个不同适应症的PU-H71的临床试验已经开展,该平台通过PU-H71与PET技术的结合,为靶向epichaperome的治疗提供了使用剂量和治疗方案等数据。同时也为epichaperome抑制剂的开发提供了基本范式。
 
重要的是,该研究为一些靶向epichaperome的癌症精准医疗场景提供了可能,比如实时检测患者单个肿瘤水平的epichaperome变化,以及定量检测患者单个肿瘤水平的药物变化水平。

原始出处:

Nagavarakishore Pillarsetty, Komal Jhaveri, Tony Taldone, et.al. Paradigms for Precision Medicine in Epichaperome Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell October 24, 2019

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    2020-04-12 维他命
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