章海涛教授:难治性狼疮肾炎的治疗丨CSN2019

2019-09-21 missoct MedSci原创

狼疮性肾炎是最常见的继发性肾炎,病变多样,累及肾小球、小管间质和血管,其肾脏受累可以与其它器官不平行。免疫抑制剂的使用极大的改善了狼疮性肾炎的预后。对于传统治疗无效的狼疮性肾炎患者,或规范的免疫抑制剂治疗未获得缓解的患者以及反复复发的狼疮性肾炎患者,我们一般将其称为“难治性狼疮性肾炎”(目前尚无公认的定义)。有文献将难治性狼疮性肾炎定义为是传统的环磷酰胺(CTX)或者霉酚酸酯(MMF)诱导治疗或者


狼疮性肾炎是最常见的继发性肾炎,病变多样,累及肾小球、小管间质和血管,其肾脏受累可以与其它器官不平行。免疫抑制剂的使用极大的改善了狼疮性肾炎的预后。对于传统治疗无效的狼疮性肾炎患者,或规范的免疫抑制剂治疗未获得缓解的患者以及反复复发的狼疮性肾炎患者,我们一般将其称为“难治性狼疮性肾炎”(目前尚无公认的定义)。有文献将难治性狼疮性肾炎定义为是传统的环磷酰胺(CTX)或者霉酚酸酯(MMF)诱导治疗或者接受两种以上免疫抑制剂的规律治疗,至少6个月,未达到缓解标准。

在本次CSN2019大会狼疮性肾炎专场中,中国人民解放军东部战区总医院章海涛教授为我们分享了难治性狼疮肾炎的治疗,快跟随小M看看这次章海涛教授为我们带来了哪些干货吧~

多靶点疗法/生物制剂在难治性LN治疗上取得显著疗效


 

2019.4-2011.6,全国26家中心参与、多中心RCT研究筛选了544例患者,随机入组368例患者,其中362例纳入统计分析,主要疗效指标为诱导治疗24周的完全缓解率(尿蛋白定量≤0.4g/24hr,无活动性尿沉渣,血清白蛋白≥35g/L,SCr正常),结果显示多靶点诱导组效显著,完全缓解率提高了20%(多靶点组:45.9% vs CTX组:25.6%),累及缓解率分别增加85%和68.6%,中位缓解率由13周缩短至9周。不良反应发生率没有增加。


推广血浆置换技术在难治性LN中的应用

免疫抑制剂联合双重血浆置换(DFPP)采用膜式分离(EC50W/EC20W或MPS07/EC20W组合滤器)或离心式分离+EC20W滤器,清除循环中的IgG型抗体,摆脱透析的比例较传统免疫抑制剂治疗增加。

21例LN-TMA患者,行DFPP治疗2-3次;治疗3月,摆脱透析比例较传统免疫抑制剂治疗增加了35%。DFPP组14.3%进入ESRD,对照组26.7%进入ESRD。


造血干细胞移植有望成为难治性LN的挽救治疗措施

造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是利用高剂量的免疫抑制剂清除自身反应性克隆细胞,达到免疫重建,其能控制狼疮活动,减轻器官损害和疾病复发,逆转受累器官功能(肺部病变)。HSCT后可减少或撤停免疫抑制药物。

欧洲HSCT治疗指南(2012)推荐意见:

根据临床表现和实验室检查指标,预测预后差的患者,可以在SLE病程早期,谨慎选择aHSCT(Ⅱ级)单抗等
有内脏受累或顽固性SLE,经过标准方案(MMF或CTX,或联合CD20等)治疗至少6个月,SLE仍持续活动或复发(BILAG评分A类,SLE需要激素依赖治疗)的患者,可考虑HSCT。
aHSCT通过大剂量化疗或结合放疗体内异常的免疫细胞,继而回输自体外周造血干细胞,重建患者免疫和造血功能;诊断“难治性狼疮性肾炎”虽然许多药物无反应或者复发,但并不意味患者的免疫系统对其它治疗没有反应,造血干细胞治疗可能是一种可接受的抢救疗法。间充质干细胞治疗(MSCT)治疗难治性SLE和狼疮性肾炎,可以改善疾病活动程度、降低蛋白尿、改善补体水平,但其确切疗效需要进一步大规模高质量RCT证实。


评估SLE缓解的原则

2016年由60个专家组成的工作组提出了SLE缓解共识的三项原则:

(1) SLE的缓解是一个持久状态,应该涵盖症状、体征和实验室检查;
(2) 必须使用公认的指标定义缓解,例如,疾病活动指数(SLEDAI)=0,不列颠群岛狼疮评估组(BILAG)2004D或E,欧洲临床共识狼疮结局测量(ECLAM)=0等,包括常规实验室评估,医生总体评价。
(3) 缓解需要区分有无接受药物治疗。无治疗的缓解是指除了维持性抗疟药外,无其他治疗SLE的药物,有治疗的缓解可以使用稳定的维持性抗疟药、低剂量糖皮质激素(如泼尼松≤5mg/d),以及维持剂量的免疫抑制剂或生物制剂。


章海涛教授指出,导致狼疮难治的原因有很多,如合并膜性肾病、肾血管病变、血栓性微血管病等;或者狼疮性肾炎发生转型,并发感染、深静脉血栓;治疗依从性差;各种原因导致药物治疗不能耐受,未达到治疗剂量或靶浓度;治疗疗程不足等。目前,难治性狼疮肾炎的治疗方案在临床研究中都取得了不错的进展,就像前面提到的多靶点疗法(MMF+FK506)、生物制剂、双重血浆置换、造血干细胞移植等,也希望未来能有更多突破,为难治性狼疮肾炎患者带来治疗的新希望。

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    2020-01-13 爆笑小医
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    2019-09-23 freve
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    2019-09-23 villahu

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