全民抗疫,尿毒症腹膜透析患者应如何应对?

2020-04-01 佚名 上海药讯

一场突发而至的新型冠状病毒疫情令我们猝不及防。在这个特殊时期,肾脏病透析患者面临着更大的挑战,由于此类患者营养状况差、免疫力低下,属于病毒易感人群,一旦感染后果不堪设想。

一场突发而至的新型冠状病毒疫情令我们猝不及防。在这个特殊时期,肾脏病透析患者面临着更大的挑战,由于此类患者营养状况差、免疫力低下,属于病毒易感人群,一旦感染后果不堪设想。

相对血液透析而言,居家腹膜透析却在这场“战疫”中治疗优势突显,不需往返于医院,可以宅在家里独自进行,避免了人员流动与接触,大大降低了交叉感染及疫情扩散的风险。

那么,腹膜透析患者还需注意哪些方面呢?

强化居家隔离理念

由于此次新型冠状病毒传染性强,少出门、不聚集是预防措施的重中之重。患者如无特殊病情变化,可使用远程医疗代替医院复诊,也可通过线上与医生沟通病情及调整透析处方。如条件允许,甚至可以选择网络开药的方式配齐个人所需的药品。

加强无菌观念及操作

严格执行手卫生和“七步洗手法”,在饭前便后、接触污物垃圾、腹膜透析前后都要洗手。保持每周1-2次的安全洗澡。

此外,加强透析环境安全无菌,注意定期用相应的清洗消毒剂对窗帘及床上用品、房间地板、换液操作台等清洗消毒。

确保每次透析换液前紫外线消毒至少30分钟,操作全程戴口罩,换液操作前、中、后都禁止家属来回走动。

遵循药物治疗原则

腹膜透析患者在疫情期间的药物治疗原则与平时是一致的,但更应强调规范用药,以减少患者前往医院就诊频率,也勿擅自停药。如备药不足,应及时咨询医师或者委托家属外出配药。如出现发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气促、乏力、腹泻等新冠肺炎可能的相关症状,需及时到医院相关部门就诊,不要害怕自己成为新冠肺炎患者在家硬扛,这样会给身体造成严重伤害。另外,再提醒腹膜透析患者,如果出现了出液不畅、透出液混浊、置管处红肿疼痛、超滤量少等情况时,一定要及时与医师联系咨询,必要时到医院就诊。

对于合并高血压,尤其是使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂类降压药物的患者,不能因为新型冠状病毒与血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)的相互作用而随意停药。

对于合并糖尿病的患者,应优先选择肾脏排泄较少、具有肾脏保护作用的药物。重度肾功能不全患者应优选胰岛素,次选不经肾脏排泄的口服药物。

对于合并肾性贫血的患者,不能因疫情而放松管控,仍应按照病情,就近选择社区医院进行检测。在选择药物时,建议条件允许情况下,可采用缺氧诱导因子稳定剂罗沙司他等口服药物代替EPO注射药物,以降低来院感染的风险。

加强饮食管理

腹膜透析患者居家时需注意饮食结构的调整,合理及规律饮食,既注意避免由于营养不良造成的抵抗力下降,又要防止过度饮食所导致的肾脏和心肺负担加重。

要求腹透患者蛋白每日补充1.2-1.5g/kg,其中50%以上为优质蛋白,包括精肉、鸡蛋、牛奶等。此外推荐每日热量为35kcal/kg,其中脂肪占总热量的30-35%,还需根据电解质水平调整饮食方案,避免电解质紊乱。凡曾发生过高钾血症的患者需注意血钾的长期管理,必要时服用环硅酸锆钠等肠道新型钾结合剂。

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    2020-04-02 tcm99hq
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    2020-04-02 xuyong530

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