上海十院许纲教授:带状疱疹神经痛——人类独享的苦果

2019-12-10 佚名 杏林帮官媒

专家简介:许纲,同济大学附属第十人民医院康复科主任,带状疱疹诊疗中心主任,主任医师,同济大学副教授,医学博士,硕士研究生导师。提到“带状疱疹神经痛”,相信不少人有亲身体会。先是皮肤隐隐灼痛,随后稍有触碰就疼痛难当。紧接着,红疹、丘疹、簇状水疱轮番出现,在躯干呈现带状分布,最终融合成俗称“蛇缠腰”的大片疱疹——这就是“水痘带状疱疹病毒”发作时,患者常见的皮肤症状。更让人难以忍受的是,那种火烫刀割一样

专家简介:许纲,同济大学附属第十人民医院康复科主任,带状疱疹诊疗中心主任,主任医师,同济大学副教授,医学博士,硕士研究生导师。

提到“带状疱疹神经痛”,相信不少人有亲身体会。先是皮肤隐隐灼痛,随后稍有触碰就疼痛难当。紧接着,红疹、丘疹、簇状水疱轮番出现,在躯干呈现带状分布,最终融合成俗称“蛇缠腰”的大片疱疹——这就是“水痘带状疱疹病毒”发作时,患者常见的皮肤症状。更让人难以忍受的是,那种火烫刀割一样的疼痛,严重影响患者的日常生活,让人寝食难安,痛不欲生。而最难捱的是,即使疱疹已经痊愈后,疼痛仍绵延不绝,饱受痛苦折磨。

带状疱疹的罪魁祸首和儿童好发的水痘其实是同一个病毒,即水痘—带状疱疹病毒,这是仅侵犯人类的病毒,所以说带状疱疹神经痛是我们人类独享的苦果。被带状疱疹困扰的患者在童年很可能感染过水痘病毒。儿童时期首次感染后,这个病毒可长期潜伏在人体感觉神经节的神经元中,一般不会发病。但是,当机体劳累、营养不良等情况下,免疫力降低时,潜伏的病毒再次活跃,复苏繁殖,沿着某条神经跑出来,分布到皮肤上形成疱疹,产生神经疼痛。好发部位依次为肋间神经(胸背、腹腰部)、颈神经、三叉神经(面部)和腰骶神经(腰腿部)支配区域。

所有年龄的人群都有可能会得带状疱疹。带状疱疹容易在老年人、女性、50岁以上、免疫力低下或缺陷、近期过度疲劳的人身上“作威作福”。一般来说,年龄越大,病情会越严重,恢复得越慢;有免疫缺陷的患者容易发生播散性带状疱疹。最近的研究发现95%以上的人体内都可检测到水痘-带状疱疹病毒的抗体,50%以上的成年人一生中迟早会有一次发作,所以带状疱疹是常见病。

带状疱疹典型表现为病损区域的疼痛,之后出现红斑、丘庖疹,继而出现成群分布的水疱。临床表现有如下几点:

①发疹前可有轻度乏力、低热、纳差等全身症状。

②患处皮肤自觉灼热感或者神经痛,触之有明显的痛觉敏感,持续1-3天。亦可无前驱症状即发疹。

③患处常首先出现潮红斑,很快出现粟粒至黄豆大小的丘疹,簇状分布而不融合,继之迅速变为水疱,疱壁紧张发亮,疱液澄清,外周绕以红晕,各簇水疱群间皮肤正常。

④皮损沿某一周围神经呈带状排列,多发生在身体的一侧,一般不超过正中线。

⑤神经痛可在发病前或伴随皮损出现。

⑥病程一般2-3周,水疱干涸、结痂脱落后留有暂时性淡红斑或色素沉着。

得了带状疱疹一定要争取早发现,早治疗,注意休息,避免劳累。预防和控制神经痛的关键在于早期积极治疗。通常来说,要在早期足量地给予抗病毒药物治疗,从而有效抑制病毒复制、阻止病毒播散,减少对于神经的损伤。但是,对于带状疱疹发作3天后,再用抗病毒药物作用就不大了,错过了阻止病毒复制的最佳时机。带状疱疹后遗神经痛一旦形成,往往提示神经被病毒破坏了,这时仅仅镇痛治疗效果有限。

目前常规的抗病毒治疗,往往需要2-3周的时间。而带状疱疹的发作,从局部皮肤疼痛开始到疱疹消退,也要经过2-3周的时间,其实这就是病毒肆虐,侵害神经的一个完整过程,所以有些患者在早期就会出现剧烈的疼痛,疼痛发作时让人有生不如死的感叹。这也表明目前的治疗手段可能并没有真正有效地控制住病程的发展,更为严重的是,这些治疗不能有效地阻断病毒对神经的侵害,不能及时有效地控制疼痛,拖延下去常常会遗留下神经痛的后遗症。
 
一般认为带状疱疹的皮疹消退以后,局部疼痛持续3个月以上者称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛。其典型症状是原疱疹部位的皮肤剧烈疼痛。有的人局部阵发性或持续性的灼痛、刺痛、跳痛、刀割痛,有的人不能触摸,甚至衣服磨擦都能引起“火烧火燎”样的灼痛,疼痛区域内夹杂有麻木,或者难以忍受的瘙痒,那个奇痒无比的滋味,伴随着各种疼痛,严重影响休息、睡眠、精神状态等。长期慢性疼痛患者若得不到有效治疗,可导致精神抑郁、焦虑,生活质量下降,甚至自理能力丧失。疼痛已成为危害人类健康的主要杀手之一,俗称“不死的顽症”。疼痛和瘙痒仅仅是患者的自身体验,实际上这是带状疱疹病毒对神经破坏的结果,所以我们应该清醒地认识到带状疱疹相关神经痛是神经损伤性疾病。

所以我们不仅要关心自己皮肤上看得见的“疱疹”,更要关注皮下正在被病毒蚕食、破坏的神经纤维。带状疱疹相关的神经痛对许多药物不敏感,治疗上非常棘手,目前的种种治疗方案,效果并不理想。特别是早期如果仅仅着重于能够控制住病毒的发作,或者单纯依赖止痛药物治疗,不能有效地保护神经,避免病毒对神经的进一步侵害,效用十分有限。针对神经病理性疼痛的治疗,早期积极控制病毒发作,保护受损神经;中后期注重营养神经,促进受损神经修复,持久消除疼痛。此外,还需注意劳逸结合,戒烟戒酒,加强营养,来帮助神经恢复。

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    2021-08-11 ms8000000897014883

    好文

    0

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    2020-10-22 纯黑糖

    0

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    2019-12-22 jin321

    还是没有好办法

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006855, encodeId=f7781006855f1, content=好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211028/9b9670e4f0f14174884f7247f527d0f1/ca29abf585ec4a1a96495ecdc3bf50f7.jpg, createdBy=e8675398491, createdName=ms8000000897014883, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 08:49:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893692, encodeId=d71b8936925c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201022/fa0e89977d944647ad9dfe2fe5557c1d/c6328f7060bb4e3685a6ff359c385dda.jpg, createdBy=c9002433942, createdName=纯黑糖, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 09:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377306, encodeId=33a43e7306f6, content=还是没有好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Sun Dec 22 21:50:54 CST 2019, time=2019-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540830, encodeId=22f2154083041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac8de440615' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74406, encryptionId=ac8de440615, topicName=神经痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d8213287489, createdName=贵阳, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580448, encodeId=ec8a1580448a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c026e05485f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疱疹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70548, encryptionId=c026e05485f, topicName=疱疹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dcf16628144, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376822, encodeId=e5f23e6822b7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=71f71699602, createdName=1de7a66em30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 11 10:01:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376816, encodeId=71953e681699, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 07:33:46 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-12 贵阳
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006855, encodeId=f7781006855f1, content=好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211028/9b9670e4f0f14174884f7247f527d0f1/ca29abf585ec4a1a96495ecdc3bf50f7.jpg, createdBy=e8675398491, createdName=ms8000000897014883, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 08:49:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893692, encodeId=d71b8936925c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201022/fa0e89977d944647ad9dfe2fe5557c1d/c6328f7060bb4e3685a6ff359c385dda.jpg, createdBy=c9002433942, createdName=纯黑糖, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 09:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377306, encodeId=33a43e7306f6, content=还是没有好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Sun Dec 22 21:50:54 CST 2019, time=2019-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540830, encodeId=22f2154083041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac8de440615' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74406, encryptionId=ac8de440615, topicName=神经痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d8213287489, createdName=贵阳, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580448, encodeId=ec8a1580448a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c026e05485f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疱疹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70548, encryptionId=c026e05485f, topicName=疱疹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dcf16628144, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376822, encodeId=e5f23e6822b7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=71f71699602, createdName=1de7a66em30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 11 10:01:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376816, encodeId=71953e681699, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 07:33:46 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006855, encodeId=f7781006855f1, content=好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211028/9b9670e4f0f14174884f7247f527d0f1/ca29abf585ec4a1a96495ecdc3bf50f7.jpg, createdBy=e8675398491, createdName=ms8000000897014883, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 08:49:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893692, encodeId=d71b8936925c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201022/fa0e89977d944647ad9dfe2fe5557c1d/c6328f7060bb4e3685a6ff359c385dda.jpg, createdBy=c9002433942, createdName=纯黑糖, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 09:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377306, encodeId=33a43e7306f6, content=还是没有好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Sun Dec 22 21:50:54 CST 2019, time=2019-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540830, encodeId=22f2154083041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac8de440615' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74406, encryptionId=ac8de440615, topicName=神经痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d8213287489, createdName=贵阳, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580448, encodeId=ec8a1580448a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c026e05485f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疱疹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70548, encryptionId=c026e05485f, topicName=疱疹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dcf16628144, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376822, encodeId=e5f23e6822b7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=71f71699602, createdName=1de7a66em30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 11 10:01:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376816, encodeId=71953e681699, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 07:33:46 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-11 1de7a66em30(暂无匿称)

    学习了

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1006855, encodeId=f7781006855f1, content=好文, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211028/9b9670e4f0f14174884f7247f527d0f1/ca29abf585ec4a1a96495ecdc3bf50f7.jpg, createdBy=e8675398491, createdName=ms8000000897014883, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 08:49:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893692, encodeId=d71b8936925c, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201022/fa0e89977d944647ad9dfe2fe5557c1d/c6328f7060bb4e3685a6ff359c385dda.jpg, createdBy=c9002433942, createdName=纯黑糖, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 09:59:10 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=377306, encodeId=33a43e7306f6, content=还是没有好办法, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3xjZ9qh3bhXrJtUlmycKGfQKPuADVZQsdNAQj5IrHHlzbGsDwScictBgogYRk8KhicpgEKwTEfOHgqw/0, createdBy=bc931611963, createdName=jin321, createdTime=Sun Dec 22 21:50:54 CST 2019, time=2019-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1540830, encodeId=22f2154083041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac8de440615' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74406, encryptionId=ac8de440615, topicName=神经痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0d8213287489, createdName=贵阳, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580448, encodeId=ec8a1580448a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c026e05485f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疱疹#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70548, encryptionId=c026e05485f, topicName=疱疹)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2dcf16628144, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Dec 12 13:58:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376822, encodeId=e5f23e6822b7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=71f71699602, createdName=1de7a66em30(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Dec 11 10:01:26 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=376816, encodeId=71953e681699, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Wed Dec 11 07:33:46 CST 2019, time=2019-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-11 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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