JAMA:母乳喂养妇女接种COVID-19疫苗后母乳中有特异性抗体

2021-05-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

2020年12月20日,以色列启动了COVID-19国家疫苗接种计划。其中一个优先群体是卫生保健工作者,其中许多人是哺乳妇女。尽管疫苗试验没有包括这一人群,也没有公布其它与疫苗有关的安全数据,但仍鼓励

20201220日,以色列启动了COVID-19国家疫苗接种计划。其中一个优先群体是卫生保健工作者,其中许多人是哺乳妇女。尽管疫苗试验没有包括这一人群,也没有公布其它与疫苗有关的安全数据,但仍鼓励属于风险群体的母乳喂养妇女接种疫苗。以色列泽里芬沙米尔医疗中心肺研究所Sivan Haia Perl等调查了孕妇免疫接种是否导致母乳中产生SARS-CoV-2抗体,并评估了妇女及其婴儿中任何潜在的不良事件。

该前瞻性队列研究对属于选择接种疫苗的疫苗目标群体的母乳喂养妇女(单独或部分)进行了抽样。在2020年12月23日至2021年1月15日期间通过广告和社交媒体从以色列全境招募参与者。所有参与者间隔21天接受2剂辉瑞生物技术疫苗。

在接种疫苗前收集母乳样本,然后从第一次接种后的第2周开始,每周收集一次,共6周。样品被保存冷冻以待分析。采用Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2血清检测仪检测IgG水平,Cobas e801分析仪上读数超过0.8 U/mL视为阳性EUROIMMUN AG Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S 试剂盒IgA 0.8为阳性。在登记时,收集母亲和婴儿的人口统计信息,然后每周进行问卷调查,并收集母乳,收集关于临时健康状况和疫苗相关不良事件的信息。

使用配对样本t检验评估研究期间阳性检测结果的参与者比例和抗体水平的变化,比较每个点的抗体水平与基线,并采用Benjamini-Hochberg进行多重检测校正。双侧显著性阈值设为P <0.05。

84名妇女完成了这项研究,提供了504份母乳样本。妇女的平均年龄(SD)为34(4)岁,婴儿为10.32(7.3)个月。

母乳中抗SARS-CoV-2特异性IgA抗体水平迅速上升,且在首次疫苗接种后2周显著升高(比例为2.05;P<001),当61.8%的样本检测为阳性时,在第4周(第二次疫苗接种后1周)上升至86.1%。在随访期间,平均水平仍然升高,在第6周,65.7%的样本检测为阳性。抗SARS-CoV-2特异性IgG抗体在前3周保持较低水平,在第4周有所上升(20.5 U/mL;P =0 .004),当91.7%的样本检测阳性,在第5周和第6周增加到97%。

母乳中IgA和IgG水平随时间的变化

在研究期间,没有母亲或婴儿经历任何严重的不良事件。47名妇女(55.9%)在接种第一剂疫苗后报告了疫苗相关不良事件,52名妇女(61.9%)在接种第二剂疫苗后报告了疫苗相关不良事件,局部疼痛是最常见的主诉。在母亲接种疫苗后第7、12、15和20天的研究期间,有4名婴儿出现发烧。所有患儿均有咳嗽、充血等上呼吸道感染症状,除1例因年龄原因入院进行新生儿发热评估,使用抗生素治疗,待培养结果,没有其他不良事件的报道。

这项研究发现,在接种疫苗6周后,母乳中有大量SARS-CoV-2特异性IgA和IgG抗体的分泌免疫接种后2周,IgA分泌明显,4周后(第二次疫苗接种后1周),IgG出现峰值。其他几项研究也在感染COVID-19.5的妇女中发现了类似的结果,这些妇女母乳中发现的抗体显示出强烈的中和作用,表明对婴儿感染有潜在的保护作用。

这项研究也有局限性。首先,没有进行功能分析。然而,之前的研究表明,这项研究测量的相同抗体具有中和能力。第二,没有进行血清抗体检测或SARS-CoV-2实时逆转录聚合酶链反应检测,这可能会提供进一步的相关性分析结果。

原文出处

Perl SH, Uzan-Yulzari A, Klainer H, et al. SARS-CoV-2–Specific Antibodies in Breast Milk After COVID-19 Vaccination of Breastfeeding Women. JAMA. 2021;325(19):2013–2014. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5782

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    2021-05-21 villahu
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    2021-05-19 拿着枪的小啰啰

    学习了

    0

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    2021-05-19 ms5000000790714074

    学习#学习#

    0

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    2021-05-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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