J Neurosci:从童年到成年,人的大脑发生了哪些变化?

2017-05-30 佚名 来宝网

多年来,人类发育神经成像中的常见叙述一直是大脑中的灰质——即脑中负责肌肉控制的区域中发现的组织。感觉知觉(如听觉和记忆,记忆,情感,言语,决策和自我控制)在青春期下降,主要是由灰质体积和皮层厚度(含有灰质的脑外层的厚度)的研究得出的结论。既然已经确定较大的脑容量与更好的认知能力相关联,令人困惑的是,认知表现显示从童年到成年的戏剧性改善,同时脑容积和皮质厚度下降宾医学研究人员本月发表的一项新研究报告

多年来,人类发育神经成像中的常见叙述一直是大脑中的灰质——即脑中负责肌肉控制的区域中发现的组织。感觉知觉(如听觉和记忆,记忆,情感,言语,决策和自我控制)在青春期下降,主要是由灰质体积和皮层厚度(含有灰质的脑外层的厚度)的研究得出的结论。既然已经确定较大的脑容量与更好的认知能力相关联,令人困惑的是,认知表现显示从童年到成年的戏剧性改善,同时脑容积和皮质厚度下降

宾医学研究人员本月发表的一项新研究报告(刊登在“神经科学杂志”杂志上)可能有助于解决这个难题,揭示了虽然体积确实从童年到成年有所减小,但灰质密度实际上有所增加。他们的研究结果还表明,虽然女性的脑体积较小,与较小的体积成比例,但它们的灰质密度比男性高,这可以解释为什么他们的认知表现较好,尽管脑容量较低。因此,虽然青少年失去脑容量,女性的脑体积比男性低,但由灰质密度增加而得到补偿。

“单一研究来解决一个徘徊在这个领域已经持续了数十年的悖论是一件非常罕见的事情,更别提两个悖论了,就像 Gennatas 正在分析的这个对整个青少年群体的大量研究数据。

“我们现在有一个更丰富,更全面的概念,在大脑发育过程中会发生什么,现在更好地了解大脑中互补的展开过程,描述发生了什么。”

该研究由宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院精神病学,神经病学和放射学教授 Ruben Gur 博士领导。

根据 Gur,研究结果可能更好地解释了从童年到成年期间发生的精神生活和行为变化的程度和强度。

“如果我们对青少年的行为感到困惑,它可能有助于知道他们需要适应一个正在改变其大小和组成的大脑,同时对性能和可接受行为的要求不断扩大,”Gur 补充说。

在研究中,研究人员评估了 1,189 名 8 至 23 岁的青少年,他们完成了磁共振成像,作为费城神经发育队列的一部分,这是一项基于社区的大脑发育研究,包括丰富的神经影像学和认知数据,对灰色物质量,灰质密度和皮层厚度等多种度量灰质物质的相关影响。神经影像学使研究人员以非侵入性的方式推出人脑结构的几种测量方法。

在发展过程中观察这些措施可让研究人员研究不同年龄的大脑,以表征儿童的大脑与成年人的差异。 Gennatas 说:“这种大脑发育的新特征可能有助于我们更好地了解脑结构与认知表现之间的关系。

“我们的研究结果还强调需要同时检查脑结构的几种措施,但灰质密度可能与理解改善性能有关的重要性大脑发育有关。”

需要进一步研究,通过组合神经影像学和脑组织学来完全表征不同 MRI 衍生测量的生物学基础。这项研究在健康人群中的发现也可以帮助研究人员了解男性和女性脑部疾病在青春期时的影响。

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    2017-06-20 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

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    2017-06-14 天涯183

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    2017-06-02 133****4869

    0k

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    2017-06-01 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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    2017-06-01 lsndxfj
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    2017-05-31 184****9840

    学习了谢谢分享。

    0

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    2017-05-31 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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