Nat commun:淋巴管瓣膜发育调控机制

2015-04-14 佚名 生物谷

淋巴管系统的一个主要功能是维持体内体液的稳态。缝隙液(Interstitial fluid)通过毛细血管的盲端渗出,通过淋巴集合管流动,并最终通过胸导管进入静脉循环系统。淋巴集合管的一个显著特征是具有一类叫做淋巴管瓣膜(intraluminal lymphatic valves)的结构,这一结构对于阻止淋巴液的导流起着非常重要的作用。之前的遗传学手段已经发现许多调控瓣膜形态发生的因子,包括FOXC

淋巴管系统的一个主要功能是维持体内体液的稳态。缝隙液(Interstitial fluid)通过毛细血管的盲端渗出,通过淋巴集合管流动,并最终通过胸导管进入静脉循环系统。淋巴集合管的一个显著特征是具有一类叫做淋巴管瓣膜(intraluminal lymphatic valves)的结构,这一结构对于阻止淋巴液的导流起着非常重要的作用。之前的遗传学手段已经发现许多调控瓣膜形态发生的因子,包括FOXC2, Connexin37, Connexin43, NFATc1,EphrinB2, integrin a9, Fibronectin-EIIIA, Semaphorin3A, Neuropilin-1, PlexinA1 以及BMP9等。 

其中,Eph家族是一类受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK),它受到配体的刺激剂后能够接到许多不同的生理过程。Eph的配体叫做Ephrin,也是一类膜连接蛋白。有趣的是,它们这一对分子之间的相互作用产生的效应是双向的:一方面,正向的信号能够通过Eph受体传递介导表达Eph的细胞的生理活性;另一方面,反向的信号也能通过Ephrin调控配体表达细胞的生理反应。
 
在最近一期的nature communication杂志上,来自美国Genetech公司的Minhong Yan研究组发表了他们对于EphB4-ephrinB2调控淋巴管瓣膜形成方面的研究。
 
之前的研究发现:如果把EphB4或者ephrinB2完全敲除的话,小鼠会因为血管发育受阻而在胚胎期就死亡。为了能够研究这一信号在出生后小鼠中的影响。作者首先制备了功能性的EphB4与ephrinB2阻断型抗体。Elisa实验发现,制备得到的两种抗体均能够高效地分别与EphB4或者ephrinB2发生结合,但并不与其它同源蛋白相互作用。之后,作者在3T3细胞中过量表达人源ephrinB2蛋白,并且与人源静脉内皮细胞相互作用,之后加入抗ephrinB2的抗体。结果显示,抗体存在的情况下,能够明显抑制ephrinB2对下游EphB4的磷酸化。这一实验说明了ephrinB2抗体具有抑制该信号的作用;然而,作者用同样的手段却发现EphB4抗体能够增强EphB4的磷酸化。之后,作者将EphB4抗体的Fab片段取出重新进行刺激,发现Fab能够抑制ephrinB2 Fc对下游EphB4的磷酸化。
 
之后,作者向刚出生的小鼠注射抗anti-ephrinB2抗体,实验结果显示,如果给刚出生的小鼠注射抗体后,第九天小鼠便会死亡,同时出现胸乳糜的症状(这是一种乳糜液通过胸导管渗出到胸膜腔中的症状)。这一现象说明淋巴管的发育受阻。之后,作者通过荧光标记的大分子物质注射小鼠观察其在淋巴管中的运输情况也证实了上述结果。
 
尽管上述实验证明了ephrinB2对淋巴管发育的作用,但这一效应是否通过eph受体传递还不得而知。之后,作者在上述实验条件的基础上,又向小鼠注入激活型EphB4抗体。结果显示:EphB4抗体能够抵消ephrinB2抗体的负面影响,淋巴管瓣膜在有两种抗体存在的情况下与对照组无异。这一结果验证了上述猜想。同时,作者也发现EphB4 Fab与ephrinB2抗体作用相同。
 
下一步,作者通过在ephrinB2敲除小鼠上进行刺激,再次验证了EphB4抗体能够抵消ephrinB2缺失对淋巴管瓣膜发育的负面影响。之后,作者证明了EphB4的磷酸化活性对于淋巴管瓣膜的发育具有关键作用。
 
原始出处:
 
Gu Zhang,1, John Brady,1, Wei-Ching Liang,2, Yan Wu,2, Mark Henkemeyer3, & Minhong Yan1.EphB4 forward signalling regulates lymphatic valve development.Nature Communications, April 13, 2015; doi:10.1038/ncomms7625 
 

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    2015-04-24 liye789132251
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    2015-07-28 liuli5079
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    2015-04-16 neurowu
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    2015-04-16 amyloid
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