Cancer Discov:贝勒医学院公布三靶点CAR-T治疗“癌中之王”全新结果,实体瘤CAR-T研究值得借鉴

2018-07-03 板栗 医麦客

T细胞疗法,特别是嵌合抗原受体(CAR)修饰的T细胞的出现和进步已经证明了针对难治性肿瘤的治疗潜力。但CAR-T靶向的抗原很少是绝对肿瘤特异性的,这很可能会导致非常严重的on-target/off-tumor毒性。

T细胞疗法,特别是嵌合抗原受体(CAR)修饰的T细胞的出现和进步已经证明了针对难治性肿瘤的治疗潜力。但CAR-T靶向的抗原很少是绝对肿瘤特异性的,这很可能会导致非常严重的on-target/off-tumor毒性。

考虑到这个问题,贝勒医学院的细胞和基因治疗中心,德克萨斯州儿童医院和休斯敦卫理公会的研究人员开发了一种新型CAR-T疗法,可确保工程化T细胞能够很好的区分正常细胞和癌细胞。


PSCA、TGF和IL4在胰腺肿瘤部位过表达,经设计对胰腺肿瘤的独特特征应答的SmarT-细胞的图示(图片来源 cancerdiscovery)

这种新型疗法是通过对T细胞修饰,使其表达三分子来实现的,且这些分子被设计为识别仅存在于肿瘤细胞上的抗原模式(称之为SmarT-细胞)。在临床前研究的测试中,这些工程化的T细胞表现出了增强的抗肿瘤活性和选择性,而且没有副作用。

该研究由贝勒的细胞和基因治疗中心的Juan Vera和Sujita Sukumaran博士共同领导,其中Sujita Sukumaran博士现在还担任Kite Pharma公司T细胞工程组的科学家。近日,该研究结果发表在《Cancer Discovery》期刊上。


Juan Vera博士(图片来源 bcm)

贝勒的细胞和基因治疗中心副教授Juan Vera博士表示,在这项最新研究中,其团队设计的CAR T细胞能够识别肿瘤微环境中唯一存在的分子队列或模式,这意味着他们的'smarT细胞'能够更好地区分肿瘤增殖细胞和旁观者细胞。”

在具体的研究过程中,该团队作者在胰腺癌小鼠模型中,展示了T细胞如何通过受体来识别PSCA、TGFβ以及IL4,分析了不同CAR-T细胞胞内的生理活动,包括活化、协同刺激、细胞因子分泌的变化以及如何有选择性地在肿瘤部位产生强有力的抗肿瘤效果。


3种CAR-T细胞的肿瘤杀伤作用、生存及扩增能力的对比(图片来源 cancerdiscovery)

结果发现:

靶向PSCA的CAR-T

具有显着的肿瘤杀伤作用,但被抗原激活后细胞的存活和扩增能力降低,

识别TGFβ、IL4、IL7的工程化T细胞

几乎没有杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力,但是识别TGFβ的工程T细胞生存能力强,识别IL4、IL7的工程T细胞扩增能力强。


在模拟胰腺肿瘤环境的条件下,SmarT细胞的杀伤和扩增能力(图片来源 cancerdiscovery)

由于传统的T细胞治疗还会受到肿瘤微环境的抑制,这限制了T细胞在实体瘤中的长期存活和扩增。因此研究小组选择将结合受体纳入其工程化T细胞中,以保护它们免受这些抑制性因素的影响,并确保其持续的肿瘤杀伤能力,直至消除所有的癌细胞。


SmarT细胞表现出了卓越的特异性抗肿瘤反应(图片来源 cancerdiscovery)


即使肿瘤复发,SmarT细胞仍然能够选择性的消除肿瘤(图片来源 cancerdiscovery)

Vera解释道,由这些smarT细胞检测到的肿瘤标志会以与生理学T细胞激活相似的方式将三种关键信号传递给T细胞:抗原激活、共刺激和细胞因子。当T细胞识别到这一特征时,就会被激活并在肿瘤部位扩增。同时,这些信号聚集的T细胞能够抵抗肿瘤位点的抑制作用,确保其持续的长期生存和效应功能。”

论文的第一作者Sujita Sukumaran博士表示,这项研究证明了重编程T细胞识别多个肿瘤表达的标记而非单个抗原标记物的可行性,从而使其修饰的细胞特异性靶向恶性组织,利用先进的基因工程方法,其团队设计的合成受体增强了细胞输注的有效性和安全性,这是CAR T细胞治疗成功的关键因素。

原始出处:Sukumaran S1, Watanabe N2, Bajgain P3, et al. Enhancing the potency and specificity of engineered T cells for cancer treatment. Cancer Discov. 2018 Jun 7.

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    2019-02-17 仁心济世
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    2018-07-05 yankaienglish
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    2018-07-03 随梦飞扬

    CAR-T靶向的抗原很少是绝对肿瘤特异性的.这很可能会导致非常严重的on-target/off-tumor毒性.

    0

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    2018-07-03 随梦飞扬

    T细胞疗法.特别是嵌合抗原受体(CAR)修饰的T细胞的出现和进步已经证明了针对难治性肿瘤的治疗潜力.

    0

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