GUT: 粪便免疫化学试验筛查近端和远端结直肠癌的长期有效性分析

2021-12-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

基于大量循证医学证据,欧盟、亚太、中国、美国等陆续确立了定量粪便潜血免疫检测(定量FIT)在结直肠癌筛查中的优先地位,是结直肠癌(CRC)筛查的重要手段。

结直肠癌 (CRC) 目前是全球第四大癌症死亡原因,筛查可有效降低其发病率和死亡率。虽然基于内窥镜的筛查是最有效的方法,但是其侵入性的缺点使其没法获得广泛的应用。报道,粪便免疫化学试验 (FIT) 优于愈创木脂粪便潜血试验。此外,由于先前的研究表明 FIT 在检测近端晚期肿瘤方面不如远端肿瘤敏感,FIT在降低CRC和晚期 CRC 死亡率方面的长期有效性是否也因解剖部位而异,因此值得探讨。因此,本项研究旨在测量粪便免疫化学检测 (FIT) 对结直肠癌 (CRC) 筛查的影响和长期有效性。

 

研究人员对全台湾的两年一次的 FIT 筛查人口进行了前瞻性队列研究。从2004年到2009年,共有 5417699名符合条件的受试者被邀请参加筛查并随访至 2014 年。贝叶斯泊松回归模型对一系列自选因素(包括筛查率和结肠镜检查率)和结肠镜检查的完整性以及人口统计学特征进行了全面调整。最后对于FIT的有效性进行了统计学分析。

 

FIT 筛查(暴露与未暴露)降低了晚期 CRC 的发生率(48.4 vs 75.7/100000)和死亡率(20.3 vs 41.3/100000),晚期CRC的发生率(aRR=0.66,95% CI 0.63 至 0.70)和 CRC 死亡(aRR=0.60,95% CI 0.57 至 0.64)的统计学显着降低。FIT 筛查在降低远端晚期 CRC(aRR=0.61,95% CI 0.58 至 0.64)和 CRC 死亡率(aRR=0.56,95% CI 0.53 至 0.69)方面比近端晚期CRC(aRR=0.84,95%CI 0.77 至 0.92)更有效。

 

这项基于大人群的两年一次大规模 FIT 筛查表明,接受FIT筛查可以使晚期 CRC 显着减少 34%,CRC 死亡减少 40%,远端结肠的长期有效性比近端结肠更大。特定部位长期有效性的差异也提供了对近端结肠 FIT 筛查有效性较低的补救措施的深入了解。

原始出处:

Han-Mo Chiu. Et al. Long-term effectiveness of faecal immunochemical test screening for proximal and distal colorectal cancers. 2021. GUT.

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