PNAS:熬夜会增加抑制性神经元活动,破坏人类记忆力

2021-08-07 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年8月5日,美国密歇根大学的研究人员在《美国科学院院刊》(PNAS)发表了题为:Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin intern

在当今社会,熬夜已成为许多年轻人的“新常态”,你是否也会在某夜凌晨,百无聊赖地把玩着手机,懊悔刚才不应该喝奶茶或吃宵夜,并感慨着又是失眠的一天?亦或是为了第二天的考试、要汇报的PPT等熬夜突击。

我们都知道熬夜的危害很大的,除了让人第二天精神憔悴,还损害皮肤、肝脏,甚至增加罹患心脏病和癌症的风险。

2021年8月5日,美国密歇根大学的研究人员在《美国科学院院刊》(PNAS)发表了题为:Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin interneuron–mediated gating of hippocampal activity to inhibit memory consolidation 的研究论文。

该研究发现,当熬夜导致睡眠不足时,大脑中导航和处理及存储新记忆的海马体中的抑制神经元活动会增加。这些抑制性神经元会限制了它们周围神经元的活动,使得海马体中的正常神经元活动无法聚集,从而破坏记忆巩固。

先前的研究表明,在学习几小时后,存在一个敏感时间窗口,在此期间必须要睡觉才能完全巩固之前学习产生的记忆,此时海马中的神经元活动必须保持不受干扰,并且神经元内的RNA转录和蛋白质翻译必须正常进行。

首先,研究团队研究了睡眠和清醒、海马神经元活动和活动驱动的核糖体S6蛋白磷酸化之间的相互作用,S6蛋白是负责蛋白质翻译的核糖体的一个组成部分。这种磷酸化能够影响哪些mRNA会随着神经元变得更加活跃而被翻译成蛋白质。这种调控作用对于适应神经元不断变化的代谢需求很重要。

研究团队给予小鼠一个恐惧刺激,当小鼠在受到刺激后被允许自由睡觉时,发现海马体齿状回部分的核糖体S6蛋白的磷酸化增加,这是记忆开始形成的第一个区域。

但是当这些小鼠被剥夺睡眠时,它们整个海马体的磷酸化水平下降。这扰乱了小鼠的记忆,这些记忆本来是为了应对之前恐惧刺激而形成的。

接下来,研究团队试图研究这种活动驱动的核糖体S6蛋白磷酸化的减少是否会在睡眠不足后对所有神经元产生类似的影响。研究团队使用生物信息学比较了与磷酸化的含S6蛋白的核糖体相关的mRNA丰度,还还检查了之前睡眠或不睡眠条件下的mRNA表达谱。

研究团队观察到,在睡眠剥夺后,一种类型的RNA转录物的丰度显着增加,这些转录物已知专门存在于表达神经肽生长抑素和抑制性神经递质GABA的中间神经元中。这表明含有生长抑素的中间神经元之间的更大活动会抑制周围神经元,从而抑制海马体中的整体核糖体S6磷酸化,充当减缓其放电的门控。

然后,研究团队在小鼠上进行了进一步研究,他们发现在自由睡眠的小鼠身上模仿这种抑制性门控机制时,能够破坏海马体活动和记忆巩固。相反的,在学习后抑制表达生长抑素的中间神经元的活动,会增加齿状回神经元活动,并有利于记忆巩固。

这项研究为进一步研究操纵兴奋性和抑制性神经元活动之间的相对平衡如何影响记忆和睡眠打开了新的大门。

这项研究也提醒了我们,学习一段时间后适当休息或睡眠能够更好地巩固记忆,那些在考试前熬夜突击的做法,显然不是一个好主意,实际上睡个好觉可能更有帮助。

原始出处:

James Delorme, et al. Sleep loss drives acetylcholine- and somatostatin interneuron–mediated gating of hippocampal activity to inhibit memory consolidation. PNAS, August 10, 2021 118 (32) e2019318118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019318118.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948410, encodeId=2a9919484103b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9301e41785e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经元活动#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74178, encryptionId=9301e41785e, topicName=神经元活动)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5V6pBDhhleaA9ZQaNgImyx09qqFom6WIvSGdUoWfKiaWCiaeUfnXMRECAMPA81Wkd4EOicrPibOTudQ/132, createdBy=b9382500209, createdName=ms6127405442416114, createdTime=Wed Apr 20 04:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856460, encodeId=7ca1185646061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 19:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005481, encodeId=7cbd1005481be, content=不能熬夜,规律作息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7ea5277039, createdName=14835566m80暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 22:40:45 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005395, encodeId=6ca0100539519, content=不能熬夜了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05885564664, createdName=ms3000000120045871, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 16:19:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005389, encodeId=afaa1005389d8, content=好好学习,感谢你们的付出, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210213/f6efe772e64a4d43a4f84fa895d5563e/03b3c2b9f0cd4e128f02dd2ffc620743.jpg, createdBy=897d1605912, createdName=zhangwangwei, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 15:57:03 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948410, encodeId=2a9919484103b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9301e41785e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经元活动#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74178, encryptionId=9301e41785e, topicName=神经元活动)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5V6pBDhhleaA9ZQaNgImyx09qqFom6WIvSGdUoWfKiaWCiaeUfnXMRECAMPA81Wkd4EOicrPibOTudQ/132, createdBy=b9382500209, createdName=ms6127405442416114, createdTime=Wed Apr 20 04:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856460, encodeId=7ca1185646061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 19:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005481, encodeId=7cbd1005481be, content=不能熬夜,规律作息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7ea5277039, createdName=14835566m80暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 22:40:45 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005395, encodeId=6ca0100539519, content=不能熬夜了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05885564664, createdName=ms3000000120045871, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 16:19:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005389, encodeId=afaa1005389d8, content=好好学习,感谢你们的付出, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210213/f6efe772e64a4d43a4f84fa895d5563e/03b3c2b9f0cd4e128f02dd2ffc620743.jpg, createdBy=897d1605912, createdName=zhangwangwei, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 15:57:03 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-03 drwjr
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948410, encodeId=2a9919484103b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9301e41785e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经元活动#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74178, encryptionId=9301e41785e, topicName=神经元活动)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5V6pBDhhleaA9ZQaNgImyx09qqFom6WIvSGdUoWfKiaWCiaeUfnXMRECAMPA81Wkd4EOicrPibOTudQ/132, createdBy=b9382500209, createdName=ms6127405442416114, createdTime=Wed Apr 20 04:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1856460, encodeId=7ca1185646061, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Mar 03 19:50:17 CST 2022, time=2022-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005481, encodeId=7cbd1005481be, content=不能熬夜,规律作息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7ea5277039, createdName=14835566m80暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 22:40:45 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005395, encodeId=6ca0100539519, content=不能熬夜了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05885564664, createdName=ms3000000120045871, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 16:19:07 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1005389, encodeId=afaa1005389d8, content=好好学习,感谢你们的付出, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210213/f6efe772e64a4d43a4f84fa895d5563e/03b3c2b9f0cd4e128f02dd2ffc620743.jpg, createdBy=897d1605912, createdName=zhangwangwei, createdTime=Thu Aug 05 15:57:03 CST 2021, time=2021-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-05 14835566m80暂无昵称

    不能熬夜,规律作息

    0

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    2021-08-05 ms3000000120045871

    不能熬夜了

    0

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    2021-08-05 zhangwangwei

    好好学习,感谢你们的付出

    0

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