Nature:5%结直肠癌与大肠杆菌株相关,并揭秘DNA损伤模式

2020-03-11 肿瘤瞭望消化时讯 ioncologyGI

荷兰乌得勒支Hubrecht研究所(KNAW)和儿科肿瘤中心Princess Máxima的研究团队专注于分泌大肠杆菌素的大肠杆菌菌株,因为这种菌株在结直肠癌患者的粪便样本中较健康人的更

荷兰乌得勒支Hubrecht研究所(KNAW)和儿科肿瘤中心Princess Máxima的研究团队专注于分泌大肠杆菌素的大肠杆菌菌株,因为这种菌株在结直肠癌患者的粪便样本中较健康人的更常见。研究团队开发了称为“人类肠类器官”的肠道组织复制品,并将其暴露于大肠杆菌素分泌菌株中,结果发现这些菌株在人类细胞DNA中诱导出独特的突变,而暴露于其他大肠杆菌菌株的细胞DNA未出现突变。随后,研究者分析了荷兰和英国5500多例大肠癌患者肿瘤组织样本,结果显示约5%肿瘤组织中发现了同样独特的突变模式。

Hubrecht研究所Hans Clevers博士表示:“这项研究首次在结直肠癌患者中看到独特的DNA损伤模式,存在明显的突变特征,提示突变可能源于接触过的大肠杆菌。这项研究结果警示谨慎服用益生菌产品,目前市场上有些益生菌含有基因毒素大肠杆菌菌株。尽管益生菌在短期内缓解身体不适,但长远来看可能存在致癌风险,因此,强烈建议对益生菌中所含有的大肠杆菌菌株在实验室再次进行严格的评估”。

大肠杆菌可能是结直肠癌的危险因素

英国诺维奇Quadram生物科学研究所营养学博士Ian Johnson评论道,“大肠杆菌产生的大肠杆菌素可能是促使结直肠癌发生的危险因素。结直肠癌病因复杂,不同国家的结直肠癌发生率波动较大,在典型的西餐消费人群和肥胖高发人群中,结直肠癌发生风险始终较高。这项研究的临床价值在于发现与结直肠癌发展相关的肠道细菌是否更常见于高危人群。如果是这样,那么要如何减少这类肠道细菌也值得研究。”

英国伦敦癌症研究所胃肠道肿瘤生物学和基因组学团队负责人Nicola Valeri博士评论说,“这项研究首次建立了分泌DNA破坏性毒素的细菌与基因组中特殊突变的联系。有趣的是,这些发现与近期该领域中的研究结果相呼应,补充了细菌可能促进癌症进展的见解。综合来看,这些结果有助于设计更好的研究,旨在早期发现并预防肠癌及其他癌症”。

独特的DNA突变模式

研究者提到,目前已经鉴定18种基因毒性大肠杆菌,含有一个50kb的杂合聚酮非核糖体肽合酶操纵子(pks)负责生产大肠杆菌素。大肠杆菌素和类似基因毒素以一种特定的突变模式破坏人类DNA,与烟草烟雾、紫外线等致癌物质相同。Hubrecht研究所Rubenvan Boxtel博士表示:“这些特征在明确癌症病因中具有重要价值,甚至可以指导治疗策略。“

研究团队将原代隐窝干细胞中提取的人类肠道组织分别暴露于pks阳性的大肠杆菌株、不能产生活性大肠杆菌素的大肠杆菌株。经过5轮暴露及随后2~3周的有机物培养后(历时5个月),结果显示DNA出现pks特异性单碱基替换(SBS)及细微变异(ID)。为明确这些突变信号是否发生在人体肿瘤组织中,研究者分析了荷兰3668例实体癌转移灶的全基因组测序数据。结果显示结直肠癌中7.5%出现SBS、8.8%出现ID、6.25%同时出现SBS和ID。其他癌症中也具有这种特征:头颈部肿瘤中为1.6%,泌尿肿瘤中为2%~4%。研究者还研究了英国100 000基因组项目中2208例大肠癌基因组,发现4%~5%的患者存在这些特征。

原始出处:
Cayetano Pleguezuelos-Manzano, et al. Mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic pks+ E. coli. Nature. Published: 27 February 2020

 

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