Alzheimers Dementia:改善空气质量,或有利于预防痴呆

2022-03-11 Freeman MedSci原创

减少空气污染对预防痴呆症可能带来的巨大好处。

空气污染是一个相当大的全球健康威胁。环境空气污染是导致死亡和疾病的一个主要原因,包括心脏病、慢性呼吸道疾病、肺部感染和癌症。最近,研究表明,空气污染可能通过增加氧化应激和神经炎症在神经退行性过程中起作用。在这种情况下,吸入的空气污染物对大脑的潜在有害影响的证据正在增加。同时,一些流行病学研究发现,在不同的地理环境和人群中,暴露于空气污染与患痴呆症的风险之间存在正相关。例如,最近的一项研究发现,在法国三城研究(3C研究)中,长期接触PM2.5(颗粒物测量值<2.5μm)与痴呆症风险增加有关。

2020年《柳叶刀》痴呆症预防、干预和护理委员会首次将空气污染列入痴呆症的主要可改变风险因素清单。鉴于神经退行性过程可能在临床症状出现前至少10年就开始了,在这个漫长的关键时期进行空气污染干预可能有利于推迟痴呆症的发生。然而,没有关于减少空气污染对痴呆症发病率影响的经验性证据。

g-公式方法是一类基于标准化的因果推断方法,可以模拟对感兴趣的暴露的不同假设的动态干预措施。以前的研究已经使用这些方法来模拟各种环境的复杂干预措施,包括降压干预和痴呆症。

在这样的背景下,全世界超过90%的人生活在超过世界卫生组织(WHO)健康空气指南的地区,而且随着人口的老龄化,预计在未来30年内,痴呆症患者的数量将增加三倍,因此采取多方面的方法来改善人口健康至关重要。除了个人层面的预防策略的发展,人口层面的干预措施,如空气质量的规定,可以为广大民众提供长期的好处。量化特定空气污染干预措施下痴呆症发病率的假设变化,可以为那些在环境法规之间做出决定的决策者提供信息。

藉此,美国HerbertWertheim School of Public Health的Noémie Letellier等人,量化观察到的PM2.5浓度下降如何导致痴呆症发病率的好处,并在一个大型法国队列中模拟假设的空气质量改善干预措施对减少痴呆症发病率的好处。

他们使用参数g计算来量化在不同的假设干预措施下,减少颗粒物测量<2.5μm(PM2.5)的预期痴呆病例数量。

在7051名参与者中,789人患上了痴呆症。1990年至2000年期间,PM2.5的中位数减少了12.2(μg/m3)。这样的减少降低了全因痴呆的风险(危险比[HR],0.85;95%置信区间[CI],0.76至0.95)。

如果所有的研究参与者都享受超过13.10μg/m3的假设性降低(在蒙彼利埃市观察到的降低中位数),比率差异为-0.37(95%CI,-0.57至-0.17),比率比为0.67(95%CI,0.50至0.84)。

由此可见,减少空气污染对预防痴呆症可能带来的巨大好处。


原文出处:
Letellier N, Gutierrez L, Duchesne J, et al. Air quality improvement and incident dementia: Effects of observed and hypothetical reductions in air pollutant using parametric g‐computation. Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Published online February 9, 2022:alz.12606. doi:10.1002/alz.12606

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    2022-07-23 anminleiryan
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    2022-03-11 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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