PCI术后胸痛,可能是哪些原因?

2016-05-16 charrychi 医学界

PCI是目前治疗冠心病的主要方法,具有明显的优越性。目前临床上有少数患者可出现术后胸痛的表现,其病因多种多样。一、缺血性胸痛(1)PCI术后血栓形成患者临床表现为持续性剧烈胸痛,伴大汗、恶心、呕吐等,心电图表现为ST段弓背抬高,心肌酶升高和肌钙蛋白阳性。需紧急复查冠脉造影明确,必要时PCI或其他治疗。(2)边支受累主要发生于分叉病变的介入治疗中,改善罪犯血管血运时,周边小血管受压或斑块移位进入边支

PCI是目前治疗冠心病的主要方法,具有明显的优越性。目前临床上有少数患者可出现术后胸痛的表现,其病因多种多样。

一、缺血性胸痛

(1)PCI术后血栓形成

患者临床表现为持续性剧烈胸痛,伴大汗、恶心、呕吐等,心电图表现为ST段弓背抬高,心肌酶升高和肌钙蛋白阳性。需紧急复查冠脉造影明确,必要时PCI或其他治疗。

(2)边支受累

主要发生于分叉病变的介入治疗中,改善罪犯血管血运时,周边小血管受压或斑块移位进入边支致其闭塞。心电图可表现ST段下移,化验肌钙蛋白高。细小分支病变给予扩冠、抗痉挛治疗即可,大的分支病变需要介入治疗。

(3)慢血流或无复流

常见于PCI时间较晚梗死面积大的患者,原因考虑:

①血栓导致的远端血管闭塞;
 ②血管再灌注损伤;
③介入操作导致血管痉挛; 
④内皮细胞损伤;
 ⑤炎性反应等。

心电图可表现为ST段下移,患者易于发生休克等,需密切观察。

(4)非完全血运重建

冠状动脉造影示多支多处血管病变,仅对主要的罪犯血管进行血运重建,对于其他病变给予药物治疗。可以考虑扩冠治疗。

二、非缺血性胸痛

(1) 焦虑、抑郁状态

患者多有焦虑等特点,胸痛部位不固定,呈游走性,心电图无明显异常,心肌酶及肌钙蛋白无异常。此类患者可考虑抗焦虑治疗。

(2)支架反应

发生于置入多枚支架、长支架等,血管外膜受牵张所致,患者可表现为胀痛,多在休息时出现,心电图无明显变化。术中需要选择恰当支架,并适当应用对吻技术等。


多为房颤,房速等快速心律失常,患者可表现为心前区不适、心悸、胀痛等。若病情允许可尽早应用β受体阻滞剂治疗。

除上述原因外,还包括呼吸系统病变、消化系统病变以及肋软骨炎等引起的胸痛,该类胸痛多无心电图、心肌酶改变,临床上需要仔细鉴别。

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    2017-01-12 zxl736
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1633823, encodeId=2011163382348, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=578d13843ad' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PCI术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13843, encryptionId=578d13843ad, topicName=PCI术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ea4322051797, createdName=zxl736, createdTime=Thu Jan 12 04:11:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1486420, encodeId=f680148642040, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76291384571' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PCI术后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13845, encryptionId=76291384571, topicName=PCI术后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4ea78134582, createdName=12499e01m49暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed May 18 02:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=86012, encodeId=c7978601254, content=每一个东西都是有寿命, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=134, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cache2.medsci.cn/upload/content/day_160326/201603262025001865.jpg, createdBy=c7881618185, createdName=qian0416, createdTime=Mon May 16 18:33:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=85979, encodeId=0d6f859e973, content=每一个东西都是有寿命, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=152, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e4371683642, createdName=文医生, createdTime=Mon May 16 13:39:00 CST 2016, time=2016-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-05-16 qian0416

    每一个东西都是有寿命

    0

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    2016-05-16 文医生

    每一个东西都是有寿命

    0

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