Nat Med:新冠患者传染性始于症状出现前2.3天,发病前0.7天达到峰值

2020-04-17 生物探索 生物探索

根据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学实时统计数据,截至北京时间4月17日近7时,全球累计确诊新冠肺炎病例2151199例,累计死亡143725例。

根据美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学实时统计数据,截至北京时间4月17日近7时,全球累计确诊新冠肺炎病例2151199例,累计死亡143725例。

长期以来,无症状感染者由于其特殊的隐匿性、症状的主观性,发现相对比较难,一直备受关注。此前,美国疾病控制和预防中心表示,在美国,多达四分之一的COVID-19患者没有症状。

我国4月1日起也针对无症状感染者建立了日报告制度,对每天新报告的病例、转归的情况以及管理的情况向社会公布。4月15日,我国国务院召开新闻发布会,首次公布了国内无症状感染者的具体数据。截至4月14日,全国累计报告无症状感染者6764例。

此前已有不少研究关于无症状感染者的传染性和病毒脱落时间。近日,《Nature Medicine》杂志上发表的一篇研究指出,COVID-19患者出现症状前感染性最强,他们在第一症状出现之前2-3天开始脱落SARS-CoV-2。

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5

该研究是由香港大学Eric Lau团队所领导,涉及94例中国广州市第八人民医院收治的COVID-19患者,50%为男性,中位数年龄为47岁,其中93名患者中61例为轻症。具体来说,研究人员收集了1月21日至2月14日在中国广州市第八人民医院接受治疗的94名COVID-19患者的咽拭子。从症状发作到发病后23天,共收集了414个咽拭子。

结果显示,研究人员在患者出现症状后不久就检测到高病毒载量,然后在第21天左右逐渐下降至检测极限。不同性别,年龄组和疾病严重程度的病毒载量没有明显差异。

COVID-19的传播

此外,研究人员还对来自公开数据的77个“传播对(传播者和受感染者)”的样本,以评估每位患者症状发作之间经过了多少时间。它假定潜伏期(从感染到出现症状的时间)中位数为5.2天。研究小组推断,传染性在症状出现之前的2.3天开始,并在出现症状前0.7天达到峰值。

在敏感性分析中,使用相同的估算程序,但假设在症状发生前1-7天的传染性发作不变,则发现在症状发生前0-2天感染性达到峰值,并且症状出现前的传播比例为46%至55%。

病毒脱落的时间模式

该研究还发现,病毒可能在第一次症状出现前2 - 3天开始脱落,在症状出现后,患者体内病毒载量下降速度加快。这与最近的两项研究结果一致。4月1日,德国慕尼黑、柏林和英国剑桥团队在Nature上发表了“Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019”一文。研究发现,新冠病毒的脱落高峰发生在早期的上呼吸道感染时,这表明病毒携带者在出现轻微症状或几乎无明显症状时,可能最具传染性。

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x

此外,柳叶刀发表的一项关于SARS-CoV-2感染期间深喉唾液中病毒载量的时间变化和血清抗体反应的观察性队列研究。研究发现,新冠肺炎患者发病第一周深喉唾液病毒载量最高,随后逐渐下降。

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1

回过头来,最新的这项研究也有一定的局限性。首先,症状发作时间取决于COVID-19患者的回忆,可能会存在偏差。其次,所报道的连续病例中的间隔时间可能会有所变化。最后,病毒脱落的动力学是基于根据国家颁布的方案接受治疗的患者的数据,包括抗病毒药、抗生素、皮质类固醇、免疫调节剂和中药制剂的组合,这些药物可能会改变脱落的动力学模式。

当下,影响疫情防控措施有效性的因素有很多,包括传播链中连续病例之间的间隔时间,以及从感染暴露到出现症状的时间(潜伏期)。如果连续间隔时间比潜伏期短,则意味着可能在出现显性症状之前就已发生了病毒传播。因此,以出现症状为时间点而采取的防控措施,其控制感染传播的效果可能会“缩水”。

文章作者指出,如果超过30%的病例是由症状前或无症状的传播引起的,仅追踪接触者和隔离病例可能无法成功抑制疫情和阻止疫情二次暴发。应该紧急考虑采用更全面的接触者追踪标准,追踪COVID-19患者出现症状前2-3天接触的人。

总之还是那句话,疫情期间少出门,勤洗手,不给国家添麻烦!

原始出处:

Xi He, Eric H. Y. Lau, Peng Wu, et.al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nature Medicine 15 April 2020

Roman W?lfel, Victor M. Corman, Wolfgang Guggemos, et.al. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 01 April 2020

Kelvin Kai-Wang To, Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, Wai-Shing Leung, et.al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infectious Diseases March 23, 2020

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911520, encodeId=8c9a1911520f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b3259009f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25900, encryptionId=77b3259009f, topicName=传染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 20:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906507, encodeId=5a2f190650e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=317e5805e9d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58057, encryptionId=317e5805e9d, topicName=新冠患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 15:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884252, encodeId=715018842529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 23:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610437, encodeId=f01e161043e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 05:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027798, encodeId=0fd1102e7981d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 17:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-13 xzw113
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911520, encodeId=8c9a1911520f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b3259009f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25900, encryptionId=77b3259009f, topicName=传染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 20:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906507, encodeId=5a2f190650e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=317e5805e9d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58057, encryptionId=317e5805e9d, topicName=新冠患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 15:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884252, encodeId=715018842529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 23:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610437, encodeId=f01e161043e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 05:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027798, encodeId=0fd1102e7981d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 17:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911520, encodeId=8c9a1911520f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b3259009f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25900, encryptionId=77b3259009f, topicName=传染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 20:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906507, encodeId=5a2f190650e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=317e5805e9d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58057, encryptionId=317e5805e9d, topicName=新冠患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 15:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884252, encodeId=715018842529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 23:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610437, encodeId=f01e161043e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 05:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027798, encodeId=0fd1102e7981d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 17:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-15 liye789132251
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911520, encodeId=8c9a1911520f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b3259009f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25900, encryptionId=77b3259009f, topicName=传染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 20:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906507, encodeId=5a2f190650e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=317e5805e9d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58057, encryptionId=317e5805e9d, topicName=新冠患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 15:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884252, encodeId=715018842529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 23:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610437, encodeId=f01e161043e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 05:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027798, encodeId=0fd1102e7981d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 17:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-19 智慧医人
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1911520, encodeId=8c9a1911520f5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b3259009f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#传染性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25900, encryptionId=77b3259009f, topicName=传染性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 20:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906507, encodeId=5a2f190650e09, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=317e5805e9d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58057, encryptionId=317e5805e9d, topicName=新冠患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b3e9205, createdName=tidiq, createdTime=Sat Aug 01 15:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884252, encodeId=715018842529f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 23:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610437, encodeId=f01e161043e5b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Sun Apr 19 05:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1027798, encodeId=0fd1102e7981d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Apr 17 17:03:53 CST 2020, time=2020-04-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-17 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

相关资讯

全球新冠肺炎确诊病例数突破200万,为100年来影响最深的流行性疾病

1918年3月4日一处位于美国堪萨斯州的军营发生流感,接着中国、西班牙、英国等除澳洲以外的各大洲都发生了流感。当时的症状只有头痛、高烧、肌肉酸痛和食欲不振而已。但到了1918年秋季则在全球大量爆发,至

JAMA:公共卫生干预措施对新冠肺炎疫情的控制效果研究

一系列多方面的公共卫生干预措施对中国武汉COVID-19疫情控制发挥了重要作用,这些发现可以为其他国家和地区的公共卫生政策提供参考

4月16日全球新冠肺炎疫情简报,确诊超207万,治愈超50万,全球新增病例数量开始放缓

Worldometers世界实时统计数据显示,截至北京时间4月16日7时19分,全球新冠肺炎累计确诊病例超过207万例,达到2075532例,累计死亡病例达到134286例。美国新冠肺炎累计确诊病例全

JAMA:新冠肺炎的药物治疗

COVID-19大流行是近年来最严重的全球公共卫生危机,而且可能是自1918年大流行性流感爆发以来最严重的危机。为寻找COVID-19的潜在治疗方法,科学家快速启动了大量的临床试验,但到目前为止还没有

4月17日全球新冠肺炎疫情简报,确诊超218万例,6国超10万人

Worldometers世界实时统计数据显示,截至北京时间4月17日7时19分,全球新冠肺炎累计确诊病例超过217万例,达到2178149例,累计死亡病例达到145329例。美国新冠肺炎累计确诊病例全

拓展阅读

Hip Pelvis:新冠肺炎疫情对髋部骨折患者康复的影响

大流行疫情对住院护理医院的老年髋部骨折患者术后活动的恢复有不利影响,在完全限制家属进入以防止感染的情况下。

Critical Care Medicine:巴瑞替尼与c治疗重症新冠肺炎的疗效与不良反应

我们对重症新冠肺炎住院患者进行的倾向性得分匹配的回顾性观察研究显示,与托珠单抗相比,巴瑞替尼的病死率没有差异,但不良反应显著减少。

Critical Care Medicine:肾素-血管紧张素系统途径疗法与改善新冠肺炎男性住院患者预后相关

男性使用ARB与较低的机械通气和血管活性药物的使用率有关,而在女性中没有观察到该现象。RAS系统失调的性别差异可能导致COVID-19患者预后和对ARB药物反应性的性别差异。

2023年度巨献:中国中药领域十大医学研究出炉

2023年梅斯年终巨献:中国重磅级医学研究成果解读!

重磅!钟南山团队最新发表,连花清瘟的双盲、随机对照临床试验的结果出炉!

《病毒学》:与对照组相比,连花清瘟能够加速缓解多种临床症状,包括鼻塞、喉咙痛、咳嗽、发烧等等,从而促进轻至中度新冠肺炎患者的恢复。且两组安全性相当。

Lancet Respir Med:英国新冠肺炎住院后的多器官MRI发现

因新冠肺炎住院后,人们中期面临多器官异常的风险,本文发现强调了积极主动的多学科护理途径的必要性,并有可能进行成像来指导监测频率和治疗分层。