Lancet:9例样本,暂排除新冠病毒宫内垂直传播可能性

2020-02-14 Walter 转化医学网

导读:2月2日,武汉一名出生30分钟的婴儿被确诊为新冠病毒阳性,顿时掀起一片哗然:难道SARS-CoV-2也能在母婴间垂直传播?目前,全国范围内新冠肺炎累计确诊59883人,大部分地区疫情得到控制,湖北情势依旧严峻。在如此庞大的感染基数中,作为易感人群的孕妇和胎儿尤其亟需一个可靠的答复。

导读:2月2日,武汉一名出生30分钟的婴儿被确诊为新冠病毒阳性,顿时掀起一片哗然:难道SARS-CoV-2也能在母婴间垂直传播?目前,全国范围内新冠肺炎累计确诊59883人,大部分地区疫情得到控制,湖北情势依旧严峻。在如此庞大的感染基数中,作为易感人群的孕妇和胎儿尤其亟需一个可靠的答复。

此前,多个团队发表了新冠肺炎病例的临床研究报告,但无一将孕妇患者数据收入其中的。武汉大学中南医院的张元珍团队在顶级医学期刊柳叶刀,发表基于9例新冠肺炎孕妇的回溯性报告,首次总结了孕妇感染新冠病毒后的临床特征,并暂时排除了孕晚期母婴间发生宫内垂直传播的可能性。
 


张元珍等认为,孕妇是呼吸道病原体和肺炎的易感人群,因为妊娠时机体处于免疫抑制状态,并且怀孕期间的横膈膜升高、耗氧量增加和呼吸道粘膜浮肿等生理性变化,导致孕妇更容易缺氧。1918年的流感爆发的总死亡率为2.6%,而孕妇的死亡率却高达37%。2009年H1N1流感,孕妇感染病毒导致并发症的风险增加,入院可能性达普通人群的四倍以上。

因此,研究者们回溯了2020年1月20日至31日之间9名新冠肺炎(COVID-19)孕妇的临床数据。9名孕妇均处于孕晚期,采用剖腹产,均曾与接触过COVID-19患者接触,患者的年龄范围为26-40岁,入院时的孕周范围为36周至39周4天。得出以下结论:

1. COVID-19孕妇临床特征与非孕妇基本一致

截至2月4日,9名患者均为轻症COVID-19,其中7名患者发烧(36·5–38·8°C),其他症状包括咳嗽(4/9)、肌痛(3/9)喉咙痛(2/9)和不适(2/9)。一名患者表现出明显的肠道症状,另一名患者产生呼吸急促和先兆子痫。COVID-19感染后出现的妊娠并发症包括胎儿窘迫(2/9)和胎膜早破(2/9)。


9例患者临床特征

血液指标上,C反应蛋白浓度升高(6/9)和淋巴细胞减少较为常见(5/9),3名患者出现转氨酶浓度升高,没有发现异乎寻常的症状。在9名患者中,CT胸片扫描发现有8例肺部表现出多个斑片状玻璃阴影,再次提示胸部CT图像准确度高、效率高,可以作为COVID-19肺炎诊断金标准的核酸检测的辅助诊断方法。


9例患者的CT胸片扫描图

2. 宫内样本未检出SARS-CoV-2

由于不确定孕妇自然分娩时胎儿与阴道的接触是否存在产时感染的风险,医护人员对9名患者均采用剖腹产。4名患者轻微早产,所有新生儿均存活并且健康状况良好(Apar评分9-10)。研究者对采集的6例羊水、脐带血、新生儿咽拭子和母乳样本进行核酸检测,结果均不能检出SARS-CoV-2的存在,说明在孕晚期感染COVID-19的患者未产生宫内垂直传播。

那么,开头提到的武汉出生半小时被确诊为COVID-19最小患者,似乎是反驳以上结论的最好证据。确实,出生后48小时内即检测为病毒阳性的婴儿,大概率是在宫内感染的。但研究者认为,此例中未对羊水、脐带血或胎盘等子宫组织样品作病毒核酸检测,无法提供宫内感染的直接证据。另外,若病毒在新生儿体内繁殖速度较快,不能排除呼吸道感染的可能性。

研究者认为,所得结果能暂时排除孕晚期感染新冠肺炎后宫内垂直传播的可能性,并且在此前的SARS中也没有围产期感染新生儿的证据。然而,本研究受限于较小的样本数,所得出的结论也比较局限:COVID-19感染对孕妇妊娠前期或中期的影响尚待阐明;未收集产道粘膜样本,无法确定自然分娩是否增加产时传播的风险;子宫收缩是否增加病毒上行感染的可能性等问题,有待进一步研究。

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    2021-01-11 zhzhxiang
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    2020-03-16 howi
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    2020-02-16 1de33e15m69(暂无匿称)

    喝接骨木果汁能提高缺氧耐受

    0

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    2020-02-14 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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乙肝孕妇在中国并不少见,很多孕妇及家属都会担心其宫内胎儿的情况。目前替诺福韦酯(TDF)在临床上对于普通人群应用较广,并且效果得到肯定。其具有抑制乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的作用,同时可以在一定程度能降低体内相关转氨酶水平,起到保护肝脏的作用。但是目前关于替诺福韦酯(TDF)在孕妇中的运用、对于减少乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)垂直传播的有效性和安全性并不明确。