Redox Biol:饮食干预可作用于认知功能、心血管健康

2021-03-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

硝酸盐敏感口腔微生物群的网络分析揭示了饮食干预与认知功能和心血管健康的相互作用。

许多口腔细菌将无机硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐是蔬菜饮食中的天然组成部分,亚硝酸盐是一氧化氮的前体,一氧化氮是血管张力和神经传递的调节器。衰老的特点是一氧化氮的产生减少,并伴随着心血管和认知功能的损害。 Exeter大学 Anni Vanhatalo 在Redox Biol杂志发表文章阐述了在口腔微生物群与生理和认知特征相互作用的新背景下应用加权基因共生网络分析(WGCNA)的研究成果。

WGCNA的使用已经成功地扩展到评估临床特征和共生的胃微生物群之间的相互作用,比较健康和临床患者队列之间的肠道微生物群,以及评估口腔菌斑内的细菌相互作用。该研究系统地减少了微生物群网络数据,以解释口腔细菌的共生模块与老年人受·NO调控的生理和认知特征之间的关系。该研究以“加权微生物群共生网络”的形式应用WGCNA概念,认为口腔微生物区系是一个生态系统,其特征是细菌之间在接触高硝酸盐饮食时存在协同和拮抗关系。通过对接受饮食硝酸盐和安慰剂干预的健康老年人(70-80岁)唾液样本中的16S rRNA基因进行测序,结合对生理和认知功能以及肌肉和大脑新陈代谢的全面评估,评估了口腔微生物群。

这项研究的目的是确定1)健康老年人唾液微生物群中的哪些共生模块对饮食中的硝酸盐摄入量敏感,2)哪些共生的口腔微生物群与安慰剂和硝酸盐饮食干预的认知和生理特征相关,以及3)哪些硝酸盐敏感模块代表了关键的生物标志物,从而是增进心血管和认知健康的益生菌靶标。该研究建立了八个不同的共生细菌模块,并揭示了饮食补充硝酸盐后这些簇的特定成员的相对丰度发生了深刻的变化。确定了口腔细菌与认知和生理功能指数之间的几个显著相关性,这代表了对老年人认知和心血管损伤的生物标志物和治疗方法的翻译研究的有希望的途径。

研究分析流程图

这项研究在为期10天的饮食硝酸盐和安慰剂干预中应用了系统水平的细菌共生网络分析,以测试老年人生理和认知特征与共生口腔细菌簇之间关系的稳定性。添加硝酸盐后,变形杆菌的相对丰度增加,类杆菌、纤毛虫和梭杆菌的相对丰度降低在两种饮食条件下,对硝酸盐补充敏感的两个不同的共生细菌微生物群模块与心血管(Rothia-链球菌)和认知(Neisseria-Haemophilus)健康指数显示出稳定的关系。补充硝酸盐后,与促炎代谢相关的微生物组模块(Prevotella-Veillonella)减少,包括致病性Clostridium difficile菌的相对丰度降低。这些硝酸盐敏感的口腔微生物组被建议作为潜在的前和益生菌靶点,以改善年龄诱导的心血管和认知健康损伤。

这项研究的主要新贡献是确定了细菌的共生模块(MM5和MM6),这些模块在饮食干预过程中与人类健康指数显示出一致的相关性。以这种方式描述活体口腔生态系统是使用单独的y运算分类单位(OTUs)或任意分组的OTUs进行生理变量相关分析的重大进步。重要的是,研究还表明,补充硝酸盐会降低MM2,它与炎症代谢相关,并含有C. difficile等口腔病原体。最初为人类基因组研究开发的网络方法应用于口腔微生物群的一种新型背景下,以解决口腔细菌之间的复杂相互作用,使得该研究能够确定Neisseria(MM5)和Rothia(MM6)OTUs:1)随着硝酸盐的补充,两者都显著增加,2)代表与邻近OTUs连接最紧密的模块驱动因素,3)与心血管或认知功能存在稳定的相关性。虽然这些OTUs可能被认为有希望成为新的益生菌,但重要的是要注意,单一分类群的焦点可能具有误导性,因为给定细菌物种的基因表达和信号级联是由其在集体微生物生态系统中的共生生物调节的。因此,为了优化整个生态系统的效果,潜在的益生菌应该与饮食中的硝酸盐补充剂(作为益生菌的辅助物)相结合,以及所需的微生物组模块中其他细菌种类中被确定为模块驱动因素(与硝酸还原酶活性无关)

原文出处:

Vanhatalo Anni,L'Heureux Joanna E,Kelly James et al. Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions.[J] .Redox Biol, 2021, 41: 101933.

 

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    2021-06-14 sunylz
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    2021-03-22 ms2000001361349190

    有意思

    0

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    2021-03-21 ms1000000840288050

    👍

    0

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最近,有研究人员在患有呼吸道疾病的儿科患者中比较了鼻一氧化氮(nNO)水平。研究包括了179名年龄在7-15岁的患有哮喘、过敏性鼻炎或者哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患者,研究还包括了从当地过敏诊所招募的健康对照。研究人员评估了nNO水平与患者的临床参数之间的关系。研究发现,nNO水平在过敏性鼻炎患者(2316.3±442.33 ppb, p<0.001)中和哮喘和过敏性鼻炎(2399.9±446.73

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol:鼻一氧化氮测量在过敏性鼻炎中的临床应用

鼻一氧化氮(nNO)被认为是鼻炎症的一个生物标记。最近,有研究人员进行了一个系统性的回顾,并通过元分析和元回归评估了nNO水平与过敏性鼻炎(AR)之间的相关性。

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract:鼻一氧化氮在过敏性鼻炎诊断中的使用研究

鼻NO(nNO)已经在患有鼻息肉或者不患有鼻息肉的慢性鼻窦炎患者中评估过。然而,nNO水平在过敏性鼻炎(AR)和非过敏性鼻炎(NAR)中在之前的研究中存在冲突的结果。最近,有研究人员评估了nNO在诊断AR和NAR中的价值,以及鼻窦炎(SI)存在与否的影响情况。研究共包括了173名连续性的患者和46名正常的对照(NCs)。其中,94名患者诊断为AR,79名诊断为NAR。研究发现,在AR患者和NCs中