Ann Intern Med:静脉血栓栓塞患者延长口服抗凝治疗期间大出血的风险

2021-10-02 Nebula MedSci原创

在首次无端静脉血栓栓塞的患者中,抗凝治疗相关大出血的长期风险较大,后果相对较严重

静脉血栓栓塞症 (VTE) 是造成全球疾病负担的主要因素之一,急性静脉血栓栓塞的年发病率为1-2例/1000人。静脉血栓栓塞后应进行至少3-6个月的抗凝治疗。

迄今为止,首次无端发生静脉血栓栓塞 (VTE) 的患者接受延长抗凝治疗 (超过3-6个月)后发生大出血的长期风险尚不确定。

本研究旨在确定首次无端静脉血栓栓塞患者抗凝治疗延长至5年期间大出血的发生率(总的和临床重要亚组的)。

研究人员检索了MEDLINE、Embase和Cochrane中央注册对照试验2021年7月23日前收录的报道了接受口服抗凝治疗(完成至少3个月的初始抗凝治疗后又至少接受了6个月额外的抗凝治疗)的首次无端静脉血栓患者大出血数据的随机对照试验(RCT)和前瞻性队列研究。

大出血发生率

总体上,共纳入了14项RCT和13项队列研究,涵盖了9982位接受维生素K拮抗剂(VKA)治疗和7220位接受直接口服抗凝剂(DOAC)治疗的患者。接受VKA或DOAC治疗的患者大出血的发生率分别是1.74例/100人·年(95% CI 1.34-2.20)或1.12例/100人·年(0.72-1.62)。接受VKA治疗的患者的5年累积大出血率为6.3%(95% CI 3.6%-10.0%)

大出血的致死率

在接受VKA或DOAC治疗的患者中,65岁以上、肌酐清除率低于50 mL/min、有出血史、同时使用抗血小板治疗或血红蛋白水平低于100 g/L的患者的大出血发生率显著升高。VKA组患者的大出血致死率为8.3% (95% CI 5.1%-12.2%),DOAC组的为9.7% (3.2%-19.2%)。

综上所述,在首次无端静脉血栓栓塞的患者中,抗凝治疗相关大出血的长期风险较大,后果相对较严重。该研究结果有助于告知患者预后,并指导对无端静脉血栓栓塞治疗时间的决策。

原始出处:

Khan Faizan,Tritschler Tobias,Kimpton Miriam et al. Long-Term Risk for Major Bleeding During Extended Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for First Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.[J] .Ann Intern Med, 2021, https://doi.org/10.7326/M21-1094

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    2022-01-03 fusion
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    2022-03-01 xue8602
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    2021-10-04 cmsvly
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