FDA:<3岁婴幼儿及孕妇重复或长时间暴露全麻与镇静药物或有损幼儿大脑发育

2017-01-04 卢芳 中国循环杂志

近日,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)警告,3岁以下婴幼儿和孕后期妊娠女性重复或长时间应用全身麻醉和镇静药物,或有损幼儿或胎儿大脑发育。&nbsp;FDA指出,同之前动物实验结果类似,人体研究也表明,单剂量、相对短时间应用全身麻醉和镇静药物,不会对婴幼儿之后学习或行为产生不良影响。&nbsp;但使用超出3小时,有动物实验显示会导致幼年动物大脑神经细胞损失,并由此影响未来学习或行为能力。而当前一些人体研

近日,美国食品药品管理局(FDA)警告,3岁以下婴幼儿和孕后期妊娠女性重复或长时间应用全身麻醉和镇静药物,或有损幼儿或胎儿大脑发育。

 

FDA指出,同之前动物实验结果类似,人体研究也表明,单剂量、相对短时间应用全身麻醉和镇静药物,不会对婴幼儿之后学习或行为产生不良影响。

 

但使用超出3小时,有动物实验显示会导致幼年动物大脑神经细胞损失,并由此影响未来学习或行为能力。而当前一些人体研究也支持这些动物实验结果,特别是反复或延长全身麻醉和镇静药物暴露时,不过尚不清楚对学习和行为的影响。

 

为了让公众知晓这一潜在风险,FDA要求在相关全麻与镇静药物标签中添加警告信息。并表示,将持续对这些药物在婴幼儿及妊娠女性中的使用情况进行监测。

 

但是,在必要的婴幼儿和妊娠女性需要接受手术等情况下,还是需要应用这些药物的。FDA要求临床医生要权衡其中利弊,尤其是手术时间超出3小时或需多次手术者,同时要与患者本人,监护人等就此进行沟通。

 

虽然从1999年首例动物实验揭示全麻和镇静药物这种不良反应开始,FDA就开始关注和调查这一问题,但目前仍需更多的研究去提供这些药物的安全性。


为此,FDA急迫要求医务人员、患者以及患儿监护人能够及时报告有关麻醉和镇静药物的不良反应。


附:需修改药物标签的全麻与镇静药物列表

 

注:列表中包含的麻醉剂和镇静药物,均能阻滞N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体和/或增强γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)活性。目前还没有特定药物能显示出更好的安全性。

 

原始出处:


FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women. FDA. 12-14-2016.

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    2017-01-06 neurowu
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    2017-01-04 chenxh201314

    好好学习,这算是定论么

    0

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    2017-01-04 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真好,已拜读

    0

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