PLOS Medicine:人乳头瘤病毒感染可增加早产风险

2021-05-31 Viho MedSci原创

人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染是育龄妇女最常见的生殖器感染。持续性生殖器感染高危 HPV 与宫颈癌及其前体宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN)有关。

人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 感染是育龄妇女最常见的生殖器感染。持续性生殖器感染高危 HPV 与宫颈癌及其前体宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN)有关。宫颈癌筛查和后续 CIN 治疗的广泛采用已显着降低了宫颈癌的发病率。不幸的是,手术切除治疗 CIN 会增加早产 (PTD)、早产胎膜早破 (pPROM)、需要新生儿重症监护的情况以及随后妊娠中的新生儿死亡率。PTD,即妊娠 37 周前出生,是一个巨大的全球产科和社会问题,因为它是 5 岁以下儿童死亡以及短期和长期发病率的主要原因。

人乳头瘤病毒

HPV电子显微照片

切除治疗增加 PTD 风险的机制尚不清楚。假设包括上行细菌感染风险增加、HPV 诱导的免疫调节以及继发于宫颈组织损失的获得性“机械无力”。虽然细菌感染是早产的主要病因,尤其是早期早产和从 pPROM 开始的早产,但关于切除治疗后早产是否与感染并发症相关的知识有限。

此前,人们知道对HPV感染引起的宫颈细胞异常变化的治疗会增加早产的风险--定义为在妊娠37周之前出生。近日,瑞典哥德堡大学的一项发表在PLOS Medicine的研究显示,携带HPV的妇女有更高的早产风险,以及儿童并发症。

该研究基于瑞典医学出生登记册中登记的出生资料,这些资料已与该国的国家宫颈癌预防质量登记册和瑞典癌症登记册合并。总共有1,044,023名1999年至2016年期间的生产被纳入其中。在相关妇女中,23,185人以前接受过治疗,而11,727人未经治疗,在怀孕前或怀孕期间的HPV筛查结果为阳性。研究人群的平均年龄为30.2岁(SD 5.2),平均体重指数为25.4 kg/m2(SD 3.0),44%的妇女在分娩前为空腹。

研究将有完全正常细胞学史的妇女(n = 338,109)与受孕前或怀孕期间6个月内HPV检测呈阳性(n = 2,550)或细胞学异常(n = 11,727)的妇女、分娩前接受CIN3治疗的妇女(n = 23,185)以及分娩后诊断为CIN2+的妇女(n = 33,760)进行比较。通过逻辑回归对研究组的产科和新生儿结果进行比较,并对社会经济和健康相关的混杂因素进行了调整。

分析发现,HPV感染升高与早产、产前胎膜早破(pPROM),产前胎膜破裂(PROM)和新生儿死亡率。CIN的治疗与早产、自发早产、pPROM、PROM、宫内胎儿死亡,绒毛膜羊膜炎、产中发热、新生儿败血症,以及新生儿死亡率有关。产后3年内诊断为CIN2+的妇女,早产风险增加。

显示了治疗组和参考组的早产(PTD),早产早产膜破裂(pPROM)和感染并发症之间的关系。

 

哥德堡大学Sahlgrenska学院妇产科Johanna Wiik博士指出,对于携带HPV的个别妇女来说,早产的风险增加很小。但我们的结果支持年轻人应该加入HPV疫苗接种计划,"她说。接种HPV疫苗不仅可以预防与HPV有关的癌症,而且对怀孕结果也有好处。

原始出处:

Johanna Wiik et al, Associations of treated and untreated human papillomavirus infection with preterm delivery and neonatal mortality: A Swedish population-based study, PLOS Medicine (2021). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003641

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    2021-12-09 jeanqiuqiu
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    2022-02-28 kalseyzl
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