2025年癌症达1900万 新医保目录增止吐药

2017-03-21 佚名 米内网

医药网3月21日讯 癌症是全球致死的第二大疾病,世界卫生组织(WHO)发布的《全球癌症报告2014》称全球癌症患者和死亡病例都在令人不安地增加,新增癌症病例有近一半出现在亚洲,其中大部分在中国。报告还预测,全球癌症病例将呈现迅猛增长的态势,由2012年的1400万人逐年递增至2025年的1900万人,到2035年将达到2400万人,其中中国将占全球总量的21.9%。

医药网3月21日讯 癌症是全球致死的第二大疾病,世界卫生组织(WHO)发布的《全球癌症报告2014》称全球癌症患者和死亡病例都在令人不安地增加,新增癌症病例有近一半出现在亚洲,其中大部分在中国。报告还预测,全球癌症病例将呈现迅猛增长的态势,由2012年的1400万人逐年递增至2025年的1900万人,到2035年将达到2400万人,其中中国将占全球总量的21.9%。

两届诺贝尔奖得主莱纳斯·鲍林曾经说过:“每个人都应该知道与癌症的斗争基本是一个谎言。恐怕没有什么事比听到癌症更令人恐惧。”确实,癌症这个被称为世纪之症的病,犹如一头洪水猛兽,潜伏在我们的生活里虎视眈眈。

化学疗法是恶性肿瘤治疗的重要方法,在临床上普遍应用,但其不良反应大,患者常出现恶心、呕吐等症状,降低其生活质量。研究表明,化疗药物可刺激体内5-HT的释放,并通过5-HT3受体的介导将信号传至呕吐中枢从而导致呕吐。

引起呕吐的药物主要有顺铂、环磷酰胺、高剂量甲氨蝶呤、丝裂霉素、卡铂、异环磷酰胺等。其中尤以顺铂致吐发生率最高,所致呕吐程度最严重,常为病人拒绝再次化疗的首要因素。化疗所致呕吐,可分为急性呕吐和延迟性呕吐。急性呕吐多发生于用药后1~6小时,特别多见于未接受过化疗者,但也有例外。当高剂量环磷酰胺静脉给药时,呕吐常见于用药后9~l8小时。顺铂所致呕吐常见于用药后6~8小时。延迟性呕吐则指发生于化疗17~24小时后出现的呕吐。

频繁的恶心呕吐会导致患者的舒适状态改变,会使许多患者的食欲严重减退,甚至营养不良,严重者可产生恐惧心理,使他们原本脆弱的免疫系统再受重创,从而影响化疗的顺利进行。因此,5-HT3受体拮抗剂对于化疗致吐的抑制作用,在临床上意义重大。

盐酸托烷司琼是继昂丹司琼和格拉司琼之后上市的第三个5-HT3受体拮抗剂,由瑞士Sandoz公司研制开发,1992年首次在荷兰上市。目前临床上主要用于预防和治疗癌症化疗引起的恶心和呕吐。托烷司琼和其他5-HT3受体拮抗剂相比,具有副作用轻、耐受性好、药物间反应低和作用时间长的特点。单剂量给药,无耐受性,在每个化疗疗程可重复使用。没有锥体外系作用。采用推荐剂量,每次5mg,每日一次,可安全地用于成年人、老年人、肝或肾功能不全患者及2岁以上儿童

盐酸托烷司琼片作为2017年新版医保目录新增口服止吐药,具有以下优势:

第一,依从性:半衰期长,每天仅服一次;肝肾功能不全无需调整剂量;

第二,有效性:强效止吐作用,双重阻断呕吐反射中介质的化学传递,并且临床运用广泛,不仅用于癌症化、放疗引发的呕吐,还用于麻醉、术后引发的恶心和呕吐;

第三,安全性:不良反应轻微。

实验表明,盐酸托烷司琼能有效预防化疗所致的恶心呕吐,疗效优于昂丹司琼。并且,盐酸托烷司琼通常耐受性良好,推荐剂量下的不良反应为一过性。

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    2017-03-23 rgjl
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    2017-03-22 wmu姿

    有遗传性的疾病,只会越来越多啊

    0

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    2017-03-22 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

    0

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    2017-03-22 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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区域发展不平衡,加剧年轻人口向发达地区大量流动,也减轻了这些地区的老龄化压力。相对的,欠发达地区却是没人又没钱,医保基金面临穿底,报销待遇一降再降。这种有失公平的现象,埋着社会动荡的祸根。