仅按压胸部心肺复苏术效果更好

2010-10-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

2010年10月06日 来源:美国科学促进会 据10月6日刊《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上的一项研究显示, 对亚利桑那州的医院外心肺复苏术(CPR)的后果进行比较后发现,接受由旁观者所做的仅按压胸部的心肺复苏术的心脏停搏病人要比那些接受常规心肺复苏术或没有接受心肺复苏术的患者更有可能活着出院。   医院外心脏停搏是一个严重的公共卫生问题,美国每年大约有30万人会发生这种情况。 尽管这些患者

2010年10月06日 来源:美国科学促进会

据10月6日刊《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)上的一项研究显示, 对亚利桑那州的医院外心肺复苏术(CPR)的后果进行比较后发现,接受由旁观者所做的仅按压胸部的心肺复苏术的心脏停搏病人要比那些接受常规心肺复苏术或没有接受心肺复苏术的患者更有可能活着出院。

  医院外心脏停搏是一个严重的公共卫生问题,美国每年大约有30万人会发生这种情况。 尽管这些患者的存活率有着相当大的差别,但其临床后果可通过旁观者所施行的心肺复苏术而获得改善。 在2005年,在亚利桑那州建立了一个全州范围内的计划,其目的是为了改善这类患者的存活率。 文章的作者写道:“这些措施包括改变由旁观者和急救医疗服务(EMS)人员所施予的治疗方法。这些措施是基于有不断增加的证据赞同应该将心肺复苏术的胸腔按压时的中断时间做最小化。” 根据文章的背景资料,有关方面推出了一个多方面的举措,鼓励旁观者使用仅按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR),因为这一方法比常规的心肺复苏术(伴有救助性人工呼吸)更容易教、学、记和做。

  凤凰城亚利桑那卫生部的Bentley J. Bobrow, M.D.及其同事对与无旁观者施行心肺复苏术及常规心肺复苏术相比,对心脏停搏的成年患者广泛采用只按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR)是否会与增加外行救助者进行心肺复苏术的可能性有关以及与病人活着出院的可能性是否会增加进行了评估。该研究所包括的患者年龄至少有18岁,他们是在2005年1月至2009年12月间在亚利桑那州发生医院外心脏停搏的病人。共有4414名发生医院外心搏骤停的成年患者符合分析所需的所有的纳入标准。

  研究人员发现,无旁观者施行心肺复苏术组的患者的活着出院率为5.2%,在常规心肺复苏术组的患者的活着出院率为7.8%,而在只按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR)组的患者的活着出院率则为13.3%。由外行救助者所提供的任何类型的旁观者施行的心肺复苏术年发生率随着时间的推移而有了显著的增加:从2005年时的28.2%增加至2009年时的39.9%。 “在接受旁观者心肺复苏术的病人中,随着时间的推移,只按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR)的比例有了明显的增加:从2005时的19.6%增加至2009年时的75.9%。总体存活率也随之时间的推移而显著增加:从2005年时的3.7%增加至2009年时的9.8%。”进一步的分析表明,与无旁观者心肺复苏术或常规心肺复苏术相比,只按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR)与患者存活率的约60%的改善有关。

  文章的作者补充说,有多种原因可解释为什么只按压胸腔的心肺复苏术(COCPR)会比常规的心肺复苏术技术更有优势,这其中包括:在即使是短暂的胸腔按压中断时前行血流状况即会快速恶化,重新进行胸腔按压时恢复足够血流所需的很长的渐升时间,常规心肺复苏术的复杂性、进行人工呼吸所需的相当长的时间以及在心搏停止时脑与冠脉循环的极端重要性等。

  相关链接:Chest Compression–Only CPR by Lay Rescuers and Survival From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest JAMA. 2010;304(13):1447-1454. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1392

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    2011-07-25 lisa446
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    2011-05-18 aids222
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    2010-10-15 lizhou0204