Hypertension:减少钠盐摄入可降低交感神经血管转导活性

2019-03-06 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

美国心脏协会(AHA)建议,成人全天理想钠盐摄入量不应超过1500 mg。但既往某些队列研究显示,低钠摄入可导致心血管死亡率增加,这可能与极低钠饮食(500 mg/d)引发肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的激活并刺激交感神经流出有关。目前,临床关于美国心脏协会推荐饮食对脉管系统交感神经调节作用的影响存在争议。近期,发表于Hypertension杂志的一篇研究对此展开讨论。

美国心脏协会(AHA)建议,成人全天理想钠盐摄入量不应超过1500 mg。但既往某些队列研究显示,低钠摄入可导致血管死亡率增加,这可能与极低钠饮食(500 mg/d)引发肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的激活并刺激交感神经流出有关。目前,临床关于美国心脏协会推荐饮食对脉管系统交感神经调节作用的影响存在争议。近期,发表于Hypertension杂志的一篇研究对此展开讨论。

研究人员评估不同钠盐摄入量对交感神经流出和交感神经血管转导的影响,比较1000 mg/d和受到更普遍推荐的2300 mg/d两种钠盐摄入方案。研究假设,将年轻健康成人的钠盐摄入量从2300 mg/d降至1000 mg/d不会影响其静息交感神经流出情况,但会降低交感神经血管转导活性。研究共纳入17例受试者(年龄:26±2岁,9F/8M)进行随机对照饮食(交叉)研究,在研究进行的10天中完成2300 mg/d和1000 mg/d钠盐摄入量的饮食计划。研究人员测量所有受试者的静息肾素活性、血管紧张素II、醛固酮、血压、肌肉交感神经活性以及去甲肾上腺素水平。研究对交感神经自发脉冲后所产生的平均动脉压和腿部血管传导(股动脉超声)的连续变化情况进行量化分析,以评估交感神经血管转导活性。研究结果显示,将全天钠盐摄入量降至1000 mg/d能改善患者的肾素活性、血管紧张素Ⅱ和醛固酮水平(所有P<0.01),降低交感神经血管转导活性(P<0.01),但未改善平均动脉压水平(78±2 vs. 77±2 mm Hg;P=0.56)、肌肉交感神经活动(13±1.3 vs.13.9±0.8 次/min;P=0.98)以及血浆/尿去甲肾上腺素浓度。

研究人员认为,将血压正常成人全天钠盐摄入量从2300 mg/d降至1000 mg/d可刺激肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,同时不增加静息交感神经流出,并可降低交感神经血管转导活性。

原始出处:
Matthew C. Babcock, Austin T. Robinson, et al. Reducing Dietary Sodium to 1000 mg per Day Reduces Neurovascular Transduction Without Stimulating Sympathetic Outflow. Hypertension. 2019;73:587–593.

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    2019-03-07 hongbochen
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    2019-12-03 feather89
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