J Endod:上颌**磨牙很低限度根管预备后牙胶尖与3种不同封闭剂根充的质量研究

2019-06-16 lishiting MedSci原创

这篇研究的目的是为了评估上颌第一磨牙最低限度预备及超声清理后采用3种不同封闭剂配合改良单核(MSC)技术根管充填的质量。

这篇研究的目的是为了评估上颌第一磨牙最低限度预备及超声清理后采用3种不同封闭剂配合改良单核(MSC)技术根管充填的质量。18颗上颌第一磨牙根管采用旋转器械预备至15/.04号。预备过程采用5.25%次氯酸钠冲洗,采用GentleWave System (Sonendo Inc, Laguna Hills, CA)实施终末清理。样本采用大小适宜的主牙胶核通过MSC技术进行根充,并按照使用封闭剂的不同分为3组:GuttaFlow Bioseal (Coltene Whaledent GmBH + Co KG, Langenau, Switzerland), GuttaFlow 2 (Coltene Whaledent GmBH + Co KG)和MTA Fillapex (Angelus Industria de Produtos Odontológicos S/A, Londrina, PR, Brazil)封闭剂。在根管预备、GentleWave后和封闭前后通过micro-CT扫描样本。分析重组影像的封闭材料容积百分比。所选牙齿的近颊根在根尖起始处以0.5-mm的增量片切。通过光学显微

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (6)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391691, encodeId=bc731391691c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5615622e569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管预备#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62275, encryptionId=5615622e569, topicName=根管预备)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5bf2500092, createdName=124988c7m95暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1443057, encodeId=dd4f144305edc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=674546e8323' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#封闭剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46783, encryptionId=674546e8323, topicName=封闭剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b88a5021004, createdName=12498dd9m12暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1522964, encodeId=72831522964f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c72462241ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#根管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62241, encryptionId=c72462241ff, topicName=根管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5e11492705, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576213, encodeId=c91515e621356, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=05a7e3816d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#磨牙#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73816, encryptionId=05a7e3816d7, topicName=磨牙)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=570716304996, createdName=12498474m35暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1631174, encodeId=c70a16311e436, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=271b20090b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#上颌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20090, encryptionId=271b20090b0, topicName=上颌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c07f21689347, createdName=hanhaisha2015, createdTime=Tue Jun 18 01:55:00 CST 2019, time=2019-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=367839, encodeId=862536e83963, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Sun Jun 16 11:02:39 CST 2019, time=2019-06-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-16 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0