Nature:发烧改善自闭症?解释来了!

2019-12-22 Walter 转化医学网

导 读:许多自闭症儿童的家长发现,孩子的社交障碍症状在发烧期间有所改善。这一奇特的现象吸引了众多研究关注。在过去15年中,至少有两组大范围调查证实这种情况的存在,但发烧和自闭症之间的具体联系仍尚未可知。

导 读:许多自闭症儿童的家长发现,孩子的社交障碍症状在发烧期间有所改善。这一奇特的现象吸引了众多研究关注。在过去15年中,至少有两组大范围调查证实这种情况的存在,但发烧和自闭症之间的具体联系仍尚未可知。



近日,MIT的Jun R. Huh和哈佛医学院Gloria B. Choi课题组携手在《Nature》上阐明了发烧缓解自闭症的分子机制,他们发现发烧导致的炎症因子IL-17a抑制了某些自闭症患者的异常及活动初级感觉皮层亚区,从而缓解社交行为障碍。

首先,研究者进行发烧的自闭症样动物造模。对于自闭症样,研究者采取了环境诱导和基因突变两种模型小鼠:

母体免疫激活模型(MIA):对孕鼠注射聚肌苷和聚胞苷酸造成免疫激活,使其后代表现出社交障碍;

自闭症相关基因突变模型:Cntnap25、Fmr16和 Shank3等基因突变后小鼠社交减少。对于发烧,通过腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)使体温上升0.5-1.0°C,并伴有炎症发生。 

研究者观察到,LPS注射4h后引起对照组小鼠体温上升,MIA后代小鼠的社交障碍改善,对社交物体产生兴趣,鼠间社交行为增加。与先前在某些自闭症患者中观察到的相似,这种改善在72小时后随退烧而消失。然而,在基因突变的自闭症样模型中,LPS引起的发烧不能改善社交障碍,说明这种现象仅发生在某些亚型的自闭症当中。


LPS诱导发烧能够缓解MIA自闭症模型的社交障碍

接着,研究者探索究竟发烧中的哪个因素导致社交障碍改善。他们首先排除了体温上升的参与,因为对MIA模型鼠注射LPS改善行为时并不引起体温升高;进一步,用化学遗传学抑制视前外侧核的GABA能神经元,发现仅引起体温上升1度而不产生炎症,对社交障碍无显著作用,提示MIA后代在LPS后社交改善可能与炎症有关。


仅有体温上升不能改善社交障碍

此前,该课题组发现MIA自闭症模型动物初级感觉皮层亚区S1DZ皮层活动异常增强,抑制该脑区活动能够显著改善社交障碍。本实验中,研究者使用LPS诱导发烧炎症后,发现MIA模型动物S1DZ脑区的FOS表达较对照组下降,说明皮层神经活动减弱,而基因突变模型无神经和行为改变,进一步说明炎症可能通过抑制某些亚型自闭症动物该脑区的神经活动以改善社交行为。


炎症抑制S1DZ脑区的神经活动

因此,研究者开始挖掘炎症与皮层神经活动的联系。他们发现LPS使各种模型动物血浆中IFNγ, IL-6 和 TNF等炎症因子含量均上升,但细胞因子IL-17a仅在MIA鼠模型中上升,在基因突变模型中没有变化,说明IL-17a很可能引起分离现象的重要解释。以往研究发现,IL-17a能调节感觉反应,其受体在S1DZ脑区表达。因此,研究者在不同模型的S1DZ颅内注射IL-17a,发现自闭症样行为均得到改善!


IL-17a在MIA和基因突变模型中均能导致自闭症样社交障碍的改善

最后,研究者在MIA模型鼠颅内注射IL-17a受体阻断剂,发现LPS引起的发烧对社交行为的改善作用消失;对其进行多电极阵列脑电记录,发现LPS引起的S1DZ脑电发放降低现象也消失。结果说明S1DZ脑区IL-17a受体对介导炎症引起的社交行为改善是必需的。


炎症通过IL-17a受体抑制S1DZ脑区活动以改善MIA模型社交行为

该课题组前期发现母亲体内IL-17a升高可能是胎儿神经发育障碍的重要影响因素。在本文中,研究者发现发烧诱导细胞因子IL-17a抑制S1DZ脑区的异常活动,能够改善免疫激活等环境诱导的自闭症模型的社交能力,而对其他基因突变模型没有作用。

Michael D. Reed等研究结果鉴别了发烧导致的自闭症亚型,并说明IL-17a细胞因子能缓解自闭症相关社交障碍行为表型的分子机制。该研究为外周的炎症分子参与中枢神经环路调控提供又一有力证据,并为临床自闭症治疗和预防开辟新思路!

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    2020-04-11 liye789132251
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    2019-12-24 ssnine
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    2019-12-24 xiongke014
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    2019-12-23 夏至_未至

    好棒

    0

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    2019-12-22 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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一提到疫苗,大家往往会想到注射器,想到细长尖锐的针头,想到酒精那清凉的感觉,想到针头扎入皮肤的刺痛感。对于稍微懂事一点的孩子来说,只要一听“去打针”三个字,或许根本就不愿迈进接种室,甚至已经开始哇哇大哭……不过,如果是口服的疫苗,上面的担忧就小得多了——不就是张开嘴吃点东西嘛。目前,儿童常见的口服疫苗主要有三种:脊灰活疫苗、轮病疫苗和霍乱疫苗。我们知道,脊灰活疫苗可以用灭活疫苗或者含有灭活疫苗的五

“伤风宜食,发烧宜饿”?听听来自ASM Microbe 2019上的一些“谣言”

上周,在美国旧金山举行的美国微生物学会年度会议上(ASM Microbe 2019),来自密歇根大学的博士后研究员Ada Hagan与南卡罗莱纳医科大学的微生物学家Michael Schmidt针对微生物领域中的一些传言进行了讨论,比如发烧时应不应该饿肚子。这是研究人员们第二年在会议上戳破谣言了。

冬春季节,孩子发烧要小心是这个病

本病是小儿时期较为常见的神经系统感染,15岁以下的儿童病例占绝大多数,尤其是婴幼儿较常见。近年来,随着以抗生素为主的综合治疗措施的应用,本病的预后已大为改观,其病死率已由50%~90%降至l0%以下,但仍是小儿严重感染性疾病之一,神经系统后遗症也较为常见。 病史: 患者为一9岁男孩,既往体健,生长发育史无殊。患者于3天前出现发热、头痛等症状,2天前出现非喷射性呕吐一次,昨日上午再次呕吐,呕

发烧小问题?它可能会引起小儿血管疾病并导致死亡!

本病为一种急性全身性血管炎,以婴幼儿发病为主,有持续性发热、皮疹、淋巴结炎等特征性表现。本病是引起儿童获得性心血管疾病的两个主要因素之一,在许多地方其危险性甚至大于风湿热。 病史: 患者为一4岁男童,平素体健,生长发育情况良好,入院前1个半月,患儿患水痘,15天后水痘逐渐消退。患儿5天前,着凉后出现发热,体温最高38.5度,伴寒战、眼红、口唇干裂,无呼吸困难、咳嗽、吐泻、抽搐等表现,当地医

感冒发烧拉肚子后,孩子竟然瘫痪了?这是什么怪病?

警惕四大症状:耷拉眼皮,脸歪无力,吞咽困难或吐字不清,突然手脚无力。