布鲁氏杆菌性脊柱炎伴硬膜外脓肿形成1例

2018-02-01 佚名 中国骨伤

患者,男,43岁,农民

【一般资料】

患者,男,43岁,农民

【主诉】

因双下肢麻木无力进行性加重2d入院。

【现病史】

患者3~4个月前出现间断性发热,最高达40℃并有胸背部及双侧胁肋部疼痛,在村卫生室静滴抗生素治疗(具体不详)发热得以控制。入院前2d晨起突然出现左下肢麻木无力,伴小便费力。入院前1d出现右下肢麻木无力,并出现小便困难。入院时症见:胸背部疼痛,并伴有双下肢麻木无力,小便费力。

【既往史】

既往体健,从事养殖屠宰业。

【体格检查】

躯干自剑突以远皮肤1感觉减退。双侧鞍区皮肤感觉减退,肛门括约肌松弛,双下肢皮肤感觉麻木。双上肢感觉肌力未及异常。髂腰肌肌力:左侧1级右侧3级。股四头肌肌力:左侧1级右侧3级。胫前肌肌力:左侧1级右侧3级。拇背伸肌力:左侧2级右侧32级。膝腱反射(++++),跟腱反射(+),Hoffman征(-),Babinski征(+),双侧踝阵挛(+),髌阵挛(-)。肢端皮温差。

【辅助检查】

X线片示T7,8间隙变窄;CT示T7,8椎体片状低密度,对应骨性椎管略高密度影(图1a-1c)。MRI示:T7,8水平右前侧椎管内异常信号,见腹侧偏右硬膜外占位,内有分割,并向椎间孔方向生长,压迫脊髓明显;T7,8椎体骨髓水肿改变(图1d-1g)。增强MRI示:T7,8椎体明显强化,性质T7,8椎体感染性病变并同层面硬膜外脓肿或血肿(布氏杆菌性脊柱炎或结核?)不能完全排除神经源性肿瘤囊变(图1h-1i)。入院后症状进行性加重,当日夜间出现小便障碍,行床边导尿。实验室检查:CRP25.6mg/L,ESR20mm/h,降钙素原0.070ng/ml,结核杆菌IgG抗体阴性。患者病情进展快,入院第2天出现双下肢全瘫表现。



【治疗】

建议尽快行减压及病灶清除术,患者存有顾虑,反复向其交代若不及时手术可能引起脊髓不可逆损伤。于入院第4天在全麻下行胸椎后路T7,8椎板切除减压病灶清除植骨融合内固定术。术中徒手置钉时探及T8椎体内骨质偏软,放弃置钉。见椎管右侧椎间孔位置硬膜外占位,与硬膜腹侧及后纵韧带粘连明显。向上可达T7椎弓根位置,向下达T8椎弓根下方。外敷完整包膜,切开包膜,内见乳白色浓汁及暗红色、白色腐肉样组织(图1l)。切除右侧关节突关节,刮匙清理T7,8椎间隙。可探及T7下终板及椎体、T8上终板及椎体骨质破坏,T8破坏较T7严重。彻底清除椎间隙。因T7,8间隙明显狭窄并且椎管内占位性质不明,放弃椎间植骨,行后外侧融合。将取出脓液及T7,8间隙组织送病理和细菌培养+药敏。培养无细菌生长。病理符合淋巴造血系统疾病-浆细胞瘤改变,建议外出会诊,进一步鉴别浆细胞瘤还是感染性病变。免疫组化:LCA(+),CD38(+),MPO部分阳性,Ki-67阳性约20%(图1m,1n)。齐鲁医院会诊考虑炎症性改变。布鲁氏杆菌病凝集试验及虎红试验(+),予左氧氟沙星、利福平、强力霉素抗炎治疗。术后切口Ⅰ期愈合,拆线后出院,神经功能无恢复,在当地医院行针灸治疗,继续口服利福平、强力霉素治疗。术后1个月,拔尿管小便可自解,复查虎红试验和试管凝集试验均阴性。术后3个月双下肢肌力3~4级,可以辅助下站立,复查虎红试验和试管凝集试验均阴性,停用利福平及强力霉素。术后6个月随访无复发,目前可以站立,但需扶拐行走。


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    2018-02-03 hunizi009
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    2018-02-01 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-02-01 wqkm

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