Alzheimers Dementia: 血脑屏障的水交换率和脑脊液中淀粉样蛋白水平高度相关

2021-06-13 Freeman MedSci原创

Alzheimers Dementia-血脑屏障的水交换率和脑脊液中淀粉样蛋白水平高度相关

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是最常见的痴呆形式,目前影响着600多万美国人。阿尔茨海默病的特点是在出现认知和临床衰退之前几十年就已经开始了进行性的神经病理变化。越来越多的证据表明,散发性AD与淀粉样β(Aβ)清除率降低有关。血脑屏障(BBB)是参与Aβ清除的一个关键结构(通过淋巴和/或脑血管功能)。

BBB由非分叉的血管组成,对血液和中枢神经系统(CNS)之间的离子和分子的运动进行严格的调节。BBB的作用是将营养物质从内皮腔中输送出来,并保护中枢神经系统免受病原体、毒素和炎症的影响,以及其他功能。与AD特别相关的是,BBB参与清除大脑中的间质,包括Aβ。一个关键的BBB清除途径是通过星形细胞末梢的一组血管周围水通道(aquaporin-4 [AQP4])运作。然而,AQP4通道在AD大脑中表达异常,这可能会限制Aβ的清除。例如,与野生型小鼠相比,AQP4缺陷的小鼠显示出明显的水交换率下降,反映出Aβ和其他中枢神经系统溶质的清除可能延迟。

死后人脑研究和动物模型的结果支持一个假设,即横跨BBB的水交换率降低可能与活人的Aβ清除率降低有关。检验这一假设需要一种能够测量水(和潜在的溶质)在BBB上交换率的微妙变化的技术。评估BBB损伤最常用的磁共振成像(MRI)技术是动态对比增强(DCE)MRI。DCE-MRI可以追踪钆对比剂在血液和大脑之间的旁漏(Ktrans),揭示有关高级组织破坏的重要信息。然而,DCE-MRI可能不太适合评估与主动运输系统改变相关的更微妙形式的BBB功能障碍,尽管可能有DCE应用能够评估灌注。

最近,一种无创的扩散准备动脉自旋标记(DP-ASL)MRI方法已被验证用于量化整个BBB的水交换。DP-ASL技术使用多种扩散加权,根据≈100倍的扩散系数差异,区分来自毛细血管和脑实质区的磁标记水信号。这些区间的水交换率(kw)是使用单通道近似(SPA)的ASL信号的两室模型得出的。kw指标代表了毛细血管透水表面积(PSw)与毛细血管体积(Vc)之比。

最近的一项验证研究表明,使用这种技术减少的kw与甘露醇诱导的BBB破裂和动物模型的组织学都相吻合。DP-ASL kw也被发现与一些脑区的DCE Ktrans相关。DP-ASL kw和DCE Ktrans之间观察到的中等程度的相关性可能反映了这两个指标所评估的重叠但不同的机制。DCE和DP-ASL技术也涉及权衡。

例如,DCE Ktrans提供更高的空间分辨率。相比之下,DP-ASL可能提供了一个更敏感的早期BBB功能障碍的标志,因为水交换率比钆在BBB上的交换率快6000倍。DP-ASL还允许计算脑灌注的措施,如脑血流(CBF)和动脉转运时间(ATT)。

藉此,美国Sanders-Brown Center on Aging的Brian T. Gold等人,在认知正常的老年人中,探究:跨越BBB的水交换率(kw)是否与AD病理的脑脊液(CSF)生物标志物(Aβ42、总tau[t-tau]、高磷酸化tau[p-tau])有关。

核心假设:鉴于Aβ在间质中的聚集,并被认为是通过BBB相关的淋巴机制被清除,kw将与CSF Aβ相关。特别是,我们预测低kw会与低水平的CSF Aβ有关,这反映了Aβ在神经元斑块中的高沉积。

此外,他们评估Kw与神经心理功能之间的潜在关系——kw是否与表象记忆和执行功能的表现有关,这些认知领域与临床前AD高度相关。

他们对40名认知正常的老年人(67-86岁)进行了弥散准备、动脉自旋标记(DP-ASL)的扫描,该方法估计了横跨BBB的水交换率(kw)。参与者还接受了CSF抽样和神经心理学测试。以kw作为CSF浓度和神经心理学分数的预测因素,运行多元线性回归模型。

他们发现,在多个脑区(全脑、额叶、楔前叶、顶叶、颞叶、内侧颞叶 ),BBB kw与CSF淀粉样β(Aβ)42浓度水平呈正相关

而BBB kw与神经心理学表现(episodic memory ; executive function)只有适度的关联。

这些结果表明:跨BBB的低水交换率与低CSF Aβ42浓度有关。kw可能是一个促进BBB Aβ清除功能的非侵入性指标,这种可能性应在未来的研究中进一步验证。

原文出处:

Gold BT, Shao X, Sudduth TL, Jicha GA, Wilcock DM, Seago ER, Wang DJJ. Water exchange rate across the blood-brain barrier is associated with CSF amyloid-β 42 in healthy older adults. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1002/alz.12357. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33949773.

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  4. 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  5. 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  6. 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  7. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442882, encodeId=64751442882d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e112659308a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#淀粉样蛋白#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65930, encryptionId=e112659308a, topicName=淀粉样蛋白)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c1774999170, createdName=ms7405317358118777, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 11:36:38 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=973495, encodeId=fca99e3495c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Sun Jun 13 22:08:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-14 苹果儿

    #学习#学习

    0

  8. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Sun Jun 13 22:08:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-14 ms9000000883963153

    十分有帮助

    0

  9. 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attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Sun Jun 13 22:08:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-13 仁术2021

    不错,学习了。

    0

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