胸椎管内支气管源性囊肿1例

2018-04-28 孟伟 王淳良 王立超 南昌大学学报(医学版)

患者男性,23岁,因双下肢麻木乏力半月余,加重3d于2015年3月1日收入本院。

【一般资料】

患者男性,23岁

【主诉】

因双下肢麻木乏力半月余,加重3d于2015年3月1日收入本院。

【既往史】

既往史无特殊。

【体格检查】

神志清楚,双上肢肌力正常,乳头平面以下浅感觉减退,左下肢肌力III级,右下肢肌力II级,肌张力偏高,双下肢深感觉障碍。腱反射亢进,腹壁反射及提睾反射减退,双下肢髌阵挛及踝阵挛阳性,左侧Babinski(+),右侧Babinski(—)。

【辅助检查】

本院胸椎MRI扫描提示胸2—3脊髓腹侧囊性占位,病变边界清楚,位于脊髓腹侧,T1呈低信号,T2呈高信号,信号均匀,增强扫描未见强化,脊髓被挤压变窄(图1-2)。


图1  T2-3病变MRIT2平扫;图2  T2-3病变MRIT1增强


图3  术后病理(HE,10x10)

【初步诊断

术前诊断胸2-3椎管内囊肿。

【治疗】

手术采用后正中入路,术中发现囊肿位于腹侧,囊液清亮透明,囊壁予以彻底剪除,椎板复位。术后病理结果报告:胸椎2~3支气管源性囊肿,镜下见组织呈囊壁状,部分衬覆假复层纤毛柱状上皮,囊壁纤维组织增生,玻璃样变(图3)。术后给予激素及对症处理,术后2周患者左下肢肌力IV级,右下肢肌力V级。

【讨论】

先天性椎管内囊肿按起源可分为3类:上皮细胞起源、间叶细胞起源及混合性起源。其中以肠源性囊肿为多见,支气管源囊肿十分罕见。支气管源性囊肿是良性肿瘤,起源于内胚层上皮组织,多发生于颈部和邻近支气管树的胸廓部,亦可发生在背、肩、腹或面部,发生于椎管内者较罕见。椎管内支气管源性囊肿的发现主要依靠MRI检查,MRI检查提示T1低信号、T2高信号类圆形均匀-致占位,边界清楚,多位于腹侧,而明确诊断仍需依靠病理学检查。病理学检查可见支气管源性囊肿的囊壁主要由厚薄不均的单层或假复层纤毛上皮组成,间有杯状细胞,其外包以纤维血管,内可有透明软骨、平滑肌束、浆液腺、神经纤维、节细胞、成熟脂肪组织及黏蛋白腺体等。治疗支气管源性囊肿以手术切除为主,位于髓外非腹侧囊肿多可完整切除,不易复发,预后良好。而位于脊髓腹侧或髓内的囊肿手术时应以保护脊髓为主,不应强求完整切除[]。本例患者进院时下肢截瘫,病情进展迅速,完善检查后立即手术,患者出院时双下肢肌力恢复至IV级,效果满意。术后3个月复查,双下肢肌力恢复至V级,MRI检查无复发。手术解除囊肿对脊髓压迫至关重要,但是囊肿壁的彻底剥除是预防复发的关键所在。

原始出处:

孟伟, 王淳良, 王立超. 胸椎管内支气管源性囊肿1例[J]. 南昌大学学报(医学版), 2017, 57(2):46-46.

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    2018-10-25 bioon1
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    2018-12-29 bugit
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    2018-04-30 yyj065
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    2018-04-29 张新亮1853311252142e2fm

    好文献学习了

    0

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    2018-04-28 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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