短暂性脑缺血发作伴长奈瑟菌血流感染报道1例

2020-06-30 傅庆萍 颜冬梅 肖丽华 国际检验医学杂志

长奈瑟菌为奈瑟菌属,革兰阴性球菌,是上呼吸 道正常菌群之一?该菌为条件致病菌,造成感染的情 况少见且相关病例资料少,目前国内仅发现2例长奈 瑟菌感染且均为硝酸盐还原亚种[ 1 -2],因此研究者对 其

长奈瑟菌为奈瑟菌属,革兰阴性球菌,是上呼吸 道正常菌群之一?该菌为条件致病菌,造成感染的情 况少见且相关病例资料少,目前国内仅发现2例长奈 瑟菌感染且均为硝酸盐还原亚种[ 1 -2],因此研究者对 其致病机制?感染途径均缺乏了解?据统计,长奈瑟 菌多在感染性心内膜炎患者血液中分离出[ 3 -4],但近期 本院在1例临床诊断为“短暂性脑缺血”患者血液中多 次分离出长奈瑟菌长亚种,该患者未出现明显的感染性 心内膜炎症状,具有一定的研究价值,现报道如下?

1 病例资料

患者,男,50岁,因“阵发性步态不稳,头晕14d, 发热10d”于2018年11月5日入院,表现为无明显 诱因下出现步态不稳?舌麻?头晕等症状?该患者 10d前畏寒?发热,体温在38.0~39.5 ℃,全身乏力, 当地医院治疗(用药不详)后有所好转,但仍反复发 热?入院检查:血压150/90mm Hg,心率82次/分, 呼吸16次/分,体温39.4 ℃,神清,精神可,两肺呼吸 音清,无干湿性啰音;神经系统:神志清楚?无眼震?双 瞳孔等大等圆?光反射灵敏?语利?伸舌不偏?感觉基 本对称?双侧病理征阴性?心电图:窦性心动过速,完 全性右束支传导阻滞,电轴右偏+155;心脏彩超:主 动脉瓣二叶式畸形伴主动脉瓣轻微狭窄(图1);颅脑 磁共振正常;胸部 CT:左上肺舌段少许索条;头颅 CT:平扫未见明显异常;颅脑 MRI?MRA?MRV检查 未见异常?血液相关检查:白细胞计数为12.63× 10 9/L?中性粒细胞百分比为86.9%?淋巴细胞百分比 为11.4%?红细胞计数为 5.76×1012/L?血红蛋白为 171.0g/L?血小板计数为376×10 9/L?超敏C -反应蛋 白为41.69mg/L?红细胞沉降率为23mm/h?降钙素 原为2.31ng/mL,其余检验项目基本正常? 入院第 2 天起患者出现畏寒发热,最高体温 39.4℃,无步态不稳?头晕?咳嗽?咳痰?尿频?尿急?尿 痛?腹痛?根据患者病情发作时,头晕?舌麻等局灶性 定位体征,于24h内恢复,诊断为短暂性缺血性脑血管病可能?该病为短暂性反复发作的脑局限缺血导 致相应脑供血区短暂性神经功能缺失,局灶性?短暂 性和反复性是本病的主要特点,被形象地比喻为“大脑 间歇性跛行”?临床予以瑞舒伐他汀钙?银杏叶提取物 注射液?腺苷钴胺和维生素B 6 等抗血小板及稳定斑块? 逆转斑块药物治疗,并追查发热病因?

2 病原学检查

在入院后,未使用任何药物前,采集左右两侧两 套血培养,注入需氧及厌氧血培养瓶,连续监测,培养 17h两瓶需氧瓶报阳,厌氧瓶未提示有生长信号?转 种血平板?巧克力平板和麦康凯平板培养(35 ℃?5% CO2),并涂片进行革兰染色镜检,见革兰阴性球杆菌? 24h后血平板?巧克力平板见直径1mm 大小,圆形? 微黄色?光滑?半透明?边缘整齐的小菌落生长(图2), 革兰染色为革兰阴性球杆菌(图3),触酶试验阴性,氧 化酶试验阳性,麦康凯平板未见细菌生长? 配制3.0麦氏浊度的菌悬液,梅里埃 VITEK 2 Compact NH 卡片鉴定为长奈瑟菌长亚种,生物编 码:0632000000 ,鉴定匹配度为99%;Brucker MS质 谱仪鉴定为长奈瑟菌长亚种(分值1.950分),两种方法鉴定结果一致?经16S - rRNA 分子生物学方法测 序,并将测序结果在 Genbank进行 BLAST 比对,显 示测序长度为2 588bp,与长奈瑟菌长亚种(M15910) 同源性达99%,鉴定结果与前述方法一致?后于患者 寒战时又采集4套血培养送检,多瓶需氧瓶均于16~ 18h内报阳,亦鉴定为长奈瑟菌长亚种? 根据《临床微生物学手册》 [ 5]进行药敏试验,该分 离株对头孢噻肟?头孢曲松?美罗培南?阿奇霉素?米 诺环素?环丙沙星及复方磺胺甲噁唑均体外敏感?经 阿奇霉素(0.5g/Qd)静脉滴注3d,体温恢复正常?

3 讨 论

长奈瑟菌分为3个亚种:长亚种?解糖亚种和硝 酸盐还原亚种[ 6],可利用生化反应进行区别鉴定?据 统计,国内近年仅检出2例长奈瑟菌血流感染且均为 硝酸盐还原亚种?本例中患者血培养检出长奈瑟菌 长亚种,具有一定的临床研究价值,故对本病例作如 下总结? 长奈瑟菌为专性需氧菌,本例多瓶需氧瓶报阳, 厌氧培养5d未见有细菌生长,符合此项特征?其通 常定植于人体及动物的上呼吸道,多为条件致病菌? 长奈瑟菌与多数奈瑟菌存在形态及生化反应的差 异[ 7],极易与金氏杆菌?莫拉菌混淆,临床微生物工作 者需注意?除长奈瑟菌,目前已发现的球杆状奈瑟菌还包括编织奈瑟菌和105群奈瑟菌[ 8]? 长奈瑟菌引起的临床感染病例资料较少,致使实 验室工作者对其致病机制?感染途径缺乏了解?据统 计,长奈瑟菌感染的患者大多是感染性心内膜炎患者 且能从心脏瓣膜的赘生物上分离出该菌,心脏瓣膜赘 生物的存在是诊断感染性心内膜炎的金标准[ 3 -4]?该 病例存在特殊性,患者彩超提示主动脉瓣二叶化畸形 合并轻微狭窄,未发现有明显赘生物,此点与其他国 内外案例不同也是值得讨论分享之处,具体机制有待 进一步研究,但或可猜想这是感染该致病菌的1个危 险因素? 目前长奈瑟菌血流感染临床治疗效果较好,多采 用第三代头孢菌素?青霉素或氨苄西林/阿莫西林治 疗,且早期通常联合庆大霉素,治疗4~7周后效果较 好?本例经用阿奇霉素静脉滴注,体温较快控制?虽 未再次送检血培养,但后期随访发现,患者体温并未 再次升高? 该病例给予临床微生物工作者一定的启示,随着 技术的不断更新发展,多种诊断方法的结合在少见菌 鉴定中存在实际价值?本病例通过常规实验室鉴定 方法快速得到该分离株信息后,联合质谱技术及近年 来热门的分子生物学技术确定了病原菌,提高了对该 菌鉴定的准确性,并给临床提供了较为准确的实验室 报告?

参考文献略?

原始出处:

傅庆萍,颜冬梅,肖丽华,唐芹芳等,短暂性脑缺血发作伴长奈瑟菌血流感染报道1例[J],国际检验医学杂志,2020,41(10).

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    0

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    2020-06-30 scottzjt

    短暂性神经症状,能确认TIA?

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