Lancet Oncol:晚期肾癌VEGF靶向治疗进展后, cabozantinib成新标准?

2017-08-15 曹守波 肿瘤资讯

国家卫生与护理研究所(NICE)最近发表了一项关于cabozantinib推荐使用的指导,基于目前的研究结果,cabozantinib可以作为成人晚期肾癌VEGF靶向治疗进展后的一种新的标准治疗方案。

国家卫生与护理研究所(NICE)最近发表了一项关于cabozantinib推荐使用的指导,基于目前的研究结果,cabozantinib可以作为成人晚期肾癌VEGF靶向治疗进展后的一种新的标准治疗方案。

NICE对cabozantinib作了单一技术评估,其临床和成本效益证据由研究者提供(Ipsen, Slough, UK),并由专业人员评估完成。临床证据主要源于一项随机对照实验(METEOR):研究中所有受试者至少接受过一种以上针对VEGF受体(VEGFR)为靶点的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗,并且有影像学证据支持在治疗后6个月内出现疾病进展。受试者被随机分配到cabozantinib治疗组(60mg/day, n=330)或依维莫司(everolimus)治疗组(100mg/day, n=328),治疗一直持续到患者出现不可耐受的不良反应。

研究的主要终点事件是无进展生存期(PFS),PFS定义为从随机入组开始的时间到第一次记录到疾病进展或死亡的时间(n=375),而疾病进展与否是由专门的影像学评估委员会成员评价完成。

研究结果显示,与依维莫司相比,cabozantinib组患者的中位PFS增加了3.5个月(3.9月 vs 7.4月),并且cabozantinib能够降低疾病进展的风险(hazard Ratio=0.51, 95% CI=0.41–0.62; p<0.0001)。另外,研究的次要终点事件是总生存期(OS),中位随访时间为18.7个月,cabozantinib组患者的中位生存时间比依维莫司组提高了4.9个月(21.4月 vs 16.5月; HR=0.66, 95% CI=0.53–0.83; p<0.001)。研究过程中,cabozantinib治疗最常见的严重不良反应是腹痛(3%),胸腔积液(3%),腹泻(2%)和恶心(2%)。

为了间接比较cabozantinib与阿西替尼(axitinib),nivolumab和最佳支持治疗的疗效,研究者对METEOR研究和其他4个随机对照实验进行了一项基于参数生存曲线的network荟萃分析(network meta-analysis)。研究结果显示,与其他几种治疗方式相比,cabozantinib可以提高患者的PFS和OS。其中,就中位OS而言,cabozantinib组相比nivolumab和阿西替尼治疗组分别提高了0.6和5.7个月。

为了评估cabozantinib与依维莫司、阿西替尼和nivolumab相比较的成本效益,研究者开发了一种可以模拟3种状态的Markov模型:无疾病进展、疾病进展和死亡,并且绘制了每种治疗方式的生存曲线。对于患者生活质量的评估,研究者参照了METEOR研究中通过EQ-5D-5L问卷方式测得的效用值,数据分析采用了国家卫生服务(NHS)和个人社会服务的成本观点。

证据审查组(ERG)成员提议,包括TARGET实验在内,索拉非尼和安慰剂的比较以及要求把阿西替尼和其他治疗方式联系在一起,都可能会低估阿西替尼对增加患者生存期的影响。此外,ERG发现绘制的生存曲线和数据之间一致性欠佳,而这可能是由于研究者对所有治疗方式采用单一的参数分布来模拟PFS和OS引起的。ERG反而认为阿西替尼和依维莫司疗效相当,这与临床实际结果基本吻合。因此,ERG将TARGET的数据从研究中删除。但是,每种治疗方式的PFS和OS与之前的结果相差无几。ERG发现,研究者使用的METEOR研究的效用值似乎不太合乎实际,它不仅纳入了nivolumab浪费的成本,也排除了患者疾病进展前医生随访的费用。

network 荟萃分析结果的不确定性主要是由于生存曲线和观察数据不一致引起的。研究者和EPG认为,即使在实验结束和停止治疗的情况下,这种治疗效应仍持续存在,因此,这个模型并不能真实反映nivolumab可能存在的免疫治疗效应。此外,METEOR和其他研究采用的效用值差异很大,而METEOR研究采用的效用值相对很高,这可能与METEOR研究效用值的计算是建立在新版本的EQ-5D-5L基础上有关。

研究者后续又提交了一份修改版的network 荟萃分析,研究收录了METEOR(截止2016年10月)研究的最新数据,并且排除了TARGET实验(认为依维莫司和阿西替尼疗效相当)的数据。研究者使用分数多项式(fractional polynomials)的方法来拟合生存曲线,尽管所有治疗方式都采用同一种拟合方式,新曲线比原先的曲线更灵活,并且能够改善PFS和OS与实验数据的拟合度。

另外,NICE的生命终点(end-of-life)标准可以用于cabozantinib与阿西替尼和依维莫司的比较,但是不适用于cabozantinib和nivolumab的比较。这主要是由于接受nivolumab治疗患者的平均预期寿命超过2年,而与nivolumab相比,cabozantinib很难使患者的平均寿命延长3个月。研究结果还显示,cabozantinib相比 nivolumab更高效和廉价,而在这方面,依维莫司也要优于阿西替尼。而cabozantinib每年用于改善患者生活质量的花费要高于依维莫司,NICE也推荐依维莫司作为二线或后续的治疗。但是,随着研究结果的不断更新,依维莫司在临床中的应用也发生了一些变化。目前,NHS医师更倾向于把依维莫司作为四线或后续的治疗方式。

与阿西替尼相比,cabozantinib每年用于改善患者生活质量的花费更低,并且在与nivolumab的对比中,cabozantinib同样显示出优势。加上cabozantinib资源利用率更高,因此cabozantinib被推荐为晚期肾癌VEGF靶向治疗进展后的一种新的标准治疗方案。

点评

随着研究的不断进步,以VEGF/VEGFR或mTOR为靶点的肾癌分子靶向药物也层出不穷,相比于依维莫司、阿西替尼和nivolumab,cabozantinib能够明显改善晚期肾癌患者治疗进展后的PFS和OS,并且cabozantinib成本收益更高、安全高效, cabozantinib可以作为晚期肾癌VEGF靶向治疗进展后的一种新的标准治疗方案。

原始出处:

Ahmed ElsadaEmail the author Ahmed Elsada, Amanda I Adler.NICE guidance on cabozantinib for previously treated advanced renal cell carcinoma.. the Lancet Oncology. 08 August 2017 

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    2018-01-16 howi
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    2018-01-03 minlingfeng
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    2017-08-17 fanweitanzhen
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    2017-08-17 闆锋旦

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