专心“治痔”!内镜下的内痔微创治疗,手术时间短,出血少,无需换药......

2021-08-11 “西安交大二附院”公众号 “西安交大二附院”公众号

痔疮十分常见,民间素有“十男九痔、十女十痔”的说法来形容痔疮的高发。据2015年数据统计,我国有5亿人曾患或正患痔疮,其中内痔最为常见,约占痔病总数的59.86%。

痔疮十分常见,民间素有“十男九痔、十女十痔”的说法来形容痔疮的高发。据2015年数据统计,我国有5亿人曾患或正患痔疮,其中内痔最为常见,约占痔病总数的59.86%。

痔疮最常见的表现是便血,大多是排便时或排便后伴鲜血流出,出血量多会引起贫血,严重影响身体健康。另外,痔疮还会引起肛周肿胀、分泌物增多、搔痒,以及痔疮脱垂所引起的不适感,显着降低生活质量。

PART01

痔疮到底是什么?

痔疮来自于肛垫,它是粘膜下结缔组织、脂肪、神经、动静脉窦等的集合,是正常肛门直肠的组成部分,能协助肛门闭合,起到协调与控制排便的作用,有助于保护肛门括约肌在排便时免受伤害。随着人们生活工作压力大,节奏快,长期久坐、劳累等使人体长时间处于一种固定体位,从而影响血液循环,使盆腔血流缓慢和腹腔脏器充血,导致痔静脉过度充盈、曲张、隆起、静脉壁张力下降,进而引起痔疮。痔疮可以分为内痔、外痔、混合痔。

内痔的分级

I期: 有痔核,无脱出 以无痛性便血为主要症状,无内痔脱出,便后出血可自行停止。

II期: 有痔核脱出,能自行还纳 便时带血、滴血或喷射状出血,伴有痔核脱出,便后可自行回纳。

III期: 有痔核脱出,需手助还纳 便时带血或滴血,伴内痔脱出或久站,咳嗽,劳累,负重时内痔脱出,须用手回纳。

IV期: 痔核脱出,不能回纳,内痔脱出不能回纳,可伴发绞窄。

PART02

内镜下微创治疗内痔有哪些优势?有哪些治疗方法?

优势:手术时间短,出血少,术后痛苦少、无需换药,收费少,恢复快!

多数患者会同时选择进行胃肠镜健康体检搭配内痔微创治疗一同进行,只需一次空腹、清肠、麻醉(可选)准备,即可完成一系列完整的消化道筛查与内痔治疗。

内镜下的内痔微创治疗包括三种方式:

1、套扎治疗

使用内镜通过倒镜的方法将痔疮的位置暴露清楚,通过套扎圈扎紧痔疮根部,阻断痔疮血流供应,使其逐渐坏死脱落。

该术式优势:①手术微创、痛苦小、恢复快;②控制性套扎策略保护肛垫功能,不影响排便,向上提拉治疗脱垂内痔;③处置血管范围较硬化广。

2、硬化剂注射治疗

是将硬化剂注射到痔核或痔核周围,使其产生无菌性炎症反应,黏膜下组织发生纤维化之后会使痔核萎缩,从而达到治疗目的。

该治疗技术的优势:内镜手术视野非常清楚,硬化剂可以精准注射,无痛苦,安全性高,可以反复治疗等。

3、套扎+硬化治疗。

适用于:I期、II期以及部分III期患者。可在套扎痔核上注射硬化剂,或不易套扎内痔部位注射硬化剂,对于特殊患者需采用二者联合的治疗方式,已取到满意的治疗效果。

PART03

内镜下内痔微创治疗适合哪些患者?

1. 有内痔相关症状,经饮食及药物等保守治疗无效者;

2. 高龄、高血压、糖尿病和严重的系统性疾病,不能耐受外科手术;

3. 术后复发,反复手术后不适宜再次手术;

4. 恐惧外科手术,担心住院时间长,痛苦大的患者。

PART04

内痔术后注意事项

1. 需要卧床休息12-24小时,不能用力咳嗽和大便;

2. 清淡饮食、忌辛辣,多吃一点通便的食物;

3. 不要久坐、久站,适当增加运动,尤其是提肛运动;

4. 每天定时大便,时间不宜过长,5分钟左右最佳;

5. 保持肛门的清洁。

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    2021-08-11 vera_1203
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    2021-08-09 1de060e9m63(暂无匿称)

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