Cell Rep:刷新认知!口服益生菌竟能预防乳腺癌!

2018-10-05 Paris,Zoe 转化医学网

近日发表在《Cell Reports》杂志上的文献表明,特定乳房的微生物群受到饮食的显着影响,而该乳房微生物组现在是保护女性不患乳腺癌的干预对象。这不仅是对之前所提出的观点的验证,更是推动了预防医学的发展。

著名女星安吉丽娜·朱莉的母亲曾因乳腺癌去世,为将风险降到最低,她做出了预防性双乳腺切除的决定,并在切完乳腺后完成了乳房的重建,使患乳腺癌的几率从87%降到5%以下。这一方式固然能有效预防,代价却不是常人所能承受的。之前一篇发表于《JAMA》的随机研究表明,地中海饮食加特级初榨橄榄油对于乳腺癌的预防有益,但因为研究的局限性,需要长期和大量的研究确认。而近日发表在《Cell Reports》杂志上的文献表明,特定乳房的微生物群受到饮食的显着影响,而该乳房微生物组现在是保护女性不患乳腺癌的干预对象。这不仅是对之前所提出的观点的验证,更是推动了预防医学的发展。



地中海饮食,泛指希腊、西班牙、法国和意大利南部等位处地中海沿岸的南欧各国,以蔬菜水果、鱼类、五谷杂粮、豆类和橄榄油为主的饮食风格。饮食作为一种可能影响乳腺癌发展的因素已经被广泛研究。人们都知道饮食与健康息息相关,却不知这背后到底是怎样的机制。

有趣的是,最近在人类中的一项研究显示,与良性病变相比,恶性乳腺肿瘤中的乳酸菌数量较少,这表明微生物失衡可能导致乳腺癌。所以实验之初,研究人员大胆提出:地中海饮食增加了以前证明能抑制动物肿瘤生长的益生菌的数量。

为了验证这一观点,希弗利和库克使用猕猴作为实验对象,,因为这些动物的基因与人类乳房生物学高度相似,并已被用来研究乳腺癌发病的风险。他们让40只成年雌性猴子接受31个月的西方或地中海饮食。31个月之后,他们发现食用地中海饮食的猴子的乳房组织中乳酸菌的丰度比食用西方饮食的猴子的乳酸菌丰度高出10倍,这样看来,饮食确实会增加乳酸菌的数量,但这种乳酸菌能抑制肿瘤生长吗?



答案是肯定的,研究人员在与之相同的基因模型试验中,发现口服益生菌制剂可减少三阴性乳腺癌肿瘤生长,这种抗肿瘤作用被认为是由免疫细胞所介导的,其机制在于口服益生菌不仅有利于乳腺癌小鼠中抗肿瘤因子Th1的生成,还能增加派尔集合淋巴结(Peyer patch)(肠黏膜免疫系统的重要组成部分)对免疫细胞的刺激。

这种刺激会转移到其他部位,这是一种级联放大反应,可将机体的免疫抵抗提升数倍。以上种种都足以说明口服益生菌制剂可作为预防乳腺癌的一种可能机制。

当然,地中海饮食也增加了胆汁酸代谢产物和细菌处理过的生物活性化合物,从而进一步降低乳腺癌的风险水平。

接下来,库克实验室计划研究人类乳腺组织中乳酸菌数量增加的生理影响。他们还将评估口服干预措施,如鱼油或益生菌补充剂是否会影响乳腺和乳腺肿瘤中的微生物种群。此外,他们正在探讨细菌修饰的生物活性化合物和胆汁酸在炎症、乳腺癌肿瘤生长和治疗反应性中的作用。希望在不久的将来,这一研究成果会被带到临床

原始出处:Shively CA, Register TC, Appt SE, et al. Consumption of Mediterranean versus Western Diet Leads to Distinct Mammary Gland Microbiome Populations. Cell Rep. 2018 Oct 2;25(1):47-56.

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    2018-12-07 维他命
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    2018-10-10 刀锋剑客

    居然什么东西都是往最新进展靠的

    0

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    2018-10-06 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-10-05 1e1b8538m79(暂无匿称)

    不错的文章值得拥有,

    0

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    2018-10-05 王秀

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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