最新进展:Eur Heart J:恩格列净治疗与射血分数降低心衰患者尿酸水平和预后的关系

2022-09-09 黄丽燕 心力衰竭和心肌病网

高尿酸血症是心力衰竭患者的常见合并症,EF降低和SUA升高是疾病晚期和不良预后的独立预测因子。恩格列净治疗可快速、持续地降低SUA,并降低临床相关高尿酸血症事件的风险。

研究背景

高尿酸血症是心力衰竭(HF)患者的常见症状,可导致HF住院风险升高,死亡率增加。因此,血清尿酸(SUA)已被确定为HF预后评分的一个独立危险因素。生成尿酸的黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)在分解代谢、缺氧或炎症条件下被激活,而这些条件也是HF病理生理学的特征。通过抑制XO酶合成或排尿酸治疗来降低SUA的临床对照试验尚未证明对HF患者有临床获益。几种HF治疗药物具有降低SUA的作用,但该作用与药物对HF的益处无关。

-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制剂对降低SUA水平有显著作用,但这一观察结果与SGLT2抑制剂在HF中的整体获益的相关性尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在针对参与EMPEROR-Reduced试验的射血分数降低的HF(HFrEF)患者,评估SUA水平和SUA水平动态变化与SGLT2抑制剂恩格列净对住院、死亡和肾功能的治疗效果的关系,以及恩格列净对高尿酸血症临床事件的影响。

研究方法

EMPEROR-Reduced试验是一项随机、双盲、平行组、安慰剂对照和事件驱动的研究,旨在评估SGLT2抑制剂恩格列净对HFrEF患者发病率和死亡率的影响。本研究纳入3676例参与EMPEROR-Reduced试验的患者(占研究队列的98.6%),研究了SUA与主要复合终点(心血管[CV]死亡或因HF恶化住院)和主要终点的组成部分,以及全因死亡之间的关系。还研究了恩格列净的治疗效果与作为连续变量的SUA、临床高尿酸血症(女性>5.7 mg/dL,男性>7.0 mg/dL)和SUA三分位分组的关系。

研究结果

具有基线SUA资料的3676例患者中,男性平均血尿酸水平为7.29±2.06 mg/dL,女性为6.54±2.03 mg/dL。与恩格列净组相比,安慰剂组基线时的SUA略高(7.18±2.11 vs. 7.04±2.04 mg/dLP=0.04)。基线时高尿酸血症的患病率分别为51.6%55.3%(恩格列净组 vs 安慰剂组,P=0.03)。

1.尿酸与临床结局的关系

在安慰剂组中,主要终点、首次或复发HF住院、CV死亡和全因死亡的临床结局风险随着SUA水平的升高而平行升高(P for trend0.001)。与最低三分位组患者相比,最高三分位组患者的风险高出60%-80%。当把SUA作为连续变量进行分析时,曲线为J型,提示较高的SUA水平与较差的结局相关。SUA不能预测复合肾脏终点的风险。

在安慰剂组中,与SUA最低三分位组患者相比,最高三分位组患者的临床相关高尿酸血症事件发生率要高出十倍以上(17.7/100患者年 vs. 1.5/100患者年)。

2.恩格列净对尿酸水平和临床高尿酸血症事件的影响

4周治疗时间内,与安慰剂相比,恩格列净治疗导致SUA显著降低(平均变化:−1.11±0.03 vs. 0.01±0.03 mg/dLP0.001),效果在治疗期间保持稳定。SUA处于第三分位且接受恩格列净治疗的患者中,第4周时SUA水平下降最为显著(第一分位数:−0.54±0.05 mg/dL,第二分位数:−1.04±0.05 mg/dL,第三分位数:−1.75±0.05 mg/dL)。恩格列净降低UA的效果在预设亚组中是一致的,包括肾功能严重受损的患者。

恩格列净组有94例患者发生临床相关高尿酸血症事件,而安慰剂组有135例。恩格列净治疗可降低临床相关高尿酸血症事件的风险32%(P=0.004)。当单独分析临床相关高尿酸血症事件的组成部分时,两种事件的风险降低是相当的(开始降尿酸药物治疗:HR 0.6995%CI 0.52–0.91;痛风事件:HR 0.7095%CI 0.45–1.08)。

3.恩格列净的疗效与血清尿酸水平及其动态变化间的关系

恩格列净对主要复合终点和心衰住院风险的作用不受SUA的影响。恩格列净在不同SUA三分位数中的获益相似(所有P交互作用0.1)。当基线SUA作为连续变量纳入Cox模型时,恩格列净对主要复合终点的获益与SUA无关(P0.001)。即使将4周时SUA的百分比变化作为协变量纳入Cox模型,恩格列净对复合终点的影响仍然显著(P=0.012)

相反,研究观察到恩格列净治疗和基线SUA水平对CV死亡(P交互作用=0.005)和全因死亡(P交互作用=0.011)的影响存在明显的交互作用。在最高SUA三分位数的患者中,恩格列净与安慰剂的HR分别为0.710.76,而在最低SUA三分位数的患者中,恩格列净与安慰剂的HR分别为1.421.29。在多因素模型中纳入NT-proBNP和袢利尿剂水平时,观察到类似的结果。

研究结论

综上,高尿酸血症是心力衰竭患者的常见合并症,EF降低和SUA升高是疾病晚期和不良预后的独立预测因子。恩格列净治疗可快速、持续地降低SUA,并降低临床相关高尿酸血症事件的风险,这是在SGLT2抑制剂治疗过程中观察到的新现象,具有临床意义。在所有患者亚组中均观察到恩格列净降低SUA的作用,并且恩格列净对HF结局的益处与SUA水平和SUA水平动态变化无关。

参考文献

Doehner W, Anker S D, Butler J, et al. Uric acid and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition with empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-reduced trial[J]. European Heart Journal, 2022.

供稿:黄丽燕

审校:刘慧慧

审核专家:张宇辉

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    2023-06-11 贵阳
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    2022-09-11 zhaojie88
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    2022-09-11 slcumt

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