Nature Neuroscience:抑郁患者慢性疼痛的原因找到了!Nature子刊揭示不同的丘脑皮质回路是引起异常性疼痛的基础

2021-03-16 生物探索 生物探索

不同的丘脑皮质回路是由组织损伤和抑郁样状态引起的异常性疼痛的基础。

疼痛一直是围绕在医学领域的热点话题,目前认为,所谓的疼痛是一种复杂的生理心理活动,包括伤害性刺激作用于机体所引起的痛感觉,以及机体对伤害性刺激的痛反应。而疼痛刺激是由一系列复杂多样的病因、遗传和环境因素以不同的组合产生的,这些因素共同参与特定的神经生物学过程。典型的身体疼痛是由身体因素引起的,包括炎症活动和创伤,也可以由慢性精神疾病(例如抑郁症)引起。

多种证据表明,慢性疼痛和抑郁症状是临床上经常遇到的,大多数抑郁症患者对传统止痛药的治疗反应不佳。这种治疗方法的差异意味着,与情绪因素引起的疼痛相比,组织损伤引起的疼痛有不同的机制,尽管这些机制至今仍不清楚。

2021年3月8日,中国科学技术大学张智、李娟和晋艳研究团队合作在出版的《自然-神经科学》杂志上发表了一项新成果:Distinct thalamocortical circuits underlie allodynia induced by tissue injury and by depression-like states。他们发现,不同的丘脑皮质回路是由组织损伤和抑郁样状态引起的异常性疼痛的基础。

丘脑被认为是麻醉动物神经系统最高层“伤害感受神经元”的主要来源。因此,研究人员研究了丘脑不同亚核的神经活动。首先,研究人员在建立的组织损伤相关异常性疼痛的小鼠模型上观察c-Fos的表达,c-Fos是丘脑后核(PO)中神经活动的早期基因标记,而不是束旁核(PF)、丘脑腹后内侧核(VPM)或丘脑腹后外侧核(VPL)的标记。

随后的免疫荧光染色显示约90%的c-Fos信号与谷氨酸(Glu)特异性抗体共同定位,通过可视化谷氨酸能神经元的全细胞记录显示,在小鼠模型中,来自PO的峰数增加,而来自PF的流变性降低。这些体外数据表明,POGlu神经元,而不是PFGlu神经元,是由神经炎症或损伤激活的。

PO参与组织损伤相关的异常性疼痛

随后,研究人员通过慢性束缚应激建立了小鼠抑郁相关异常性疼痛模型,小鼠表现出显着的异常性疼痛和多种抑郁样行为。为了研究异常性疼痛的出现是否需要抑郁样状态,研究人员通过递送抗抑郁药帕罗西汀进行药理学实验,发现抗抑郁药可一减轻小鼠的异常性疼痛和抑郁样行为,进一步实验表明:抗抑郁药的小鼠PO或PF中未观察到c-Fos表达,全细胞记录显示PFGlu神经元的峰数减少,而POGlu神经元的流变性增加,这与组织损伤引起的疼痛实验结果不同,提示丘脑的不同亚核参与了来自组织损伤和抑郁样状态的异常性疼痛。

PF参与由抑郁样状态引起的异常性疼痛

接下来,研究团队就两种不同的丘脑皮层回路进行了机制研究,解剖了不同丘脑皮层回路的功能连接,分别阐明组织损伤相关和抑郁状态引起的异常性疼痛的回路基础。

多组实验表明,从丘脑后核(POGlu)到原代体感皮层的谷氨酸能神经元(S1Glu)的投射介导了组织损伤引起的异常性疼痛,而从束旁丘脑核(PFGlu)到前扣带皮层含GABA神经元到谷氨酸能神经元(ACCGABA→Glu)的通路介导了与抑郁样状态相关的异常性疼痛。体内钙成像和多四极管电生理记录显示POGlu和PFGlu群体在这两种条件下经历不同的适应。每个回路的人为干预都会影响由组织损伤或抑郁样状态引起的异常性疼痛,但不会同时影响两者。

剖析PoGlu→S1HL通路

总之,此研究表明,不同的丘脑皮质回路POGlu→S1Glu和PFGlu→ACCGABA→Glu分别能减轻与组织损伤和抑郁样状态相关的异常性疼痛,从而为了解不同病因引起的病理性疼痛的回路基础提供了见解。

原始出处:

Zhu, X., Tang, HD., Dong, WY. et al. Distinct thalamocortical circuits underlie allodynia induced by tissue injury and by depression-like states. Nat Neurosci (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-00811-x.

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    2021-09-16 liye789132251
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    2021-03-18 lsndxfj
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    2021-03-18 jichang
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    2021-03-18 xlwang2696

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