美国国家医学院院长称:制服高血压 有赖于数据、生物技术和生物医学科学融合

2019-08-09 卢芳 中国循环杂志

虽然全球范围内超出19%的死亡与升高的收缩压(>115 mmHg)有关,但高血压的控制率还不到20%。怎么才能强有力地遏制高血压的泛滥?近日,美国国家医学院院长Victor J. Dzau等在Hypertension上发文指出,防治高血压的体系亟需变革,未来有赖于数据、生物技术和生物医学科学的成功融合,并在医疗保健体系的有效“落地”,以及新的有效的人群健康策略的推广和实施(图1)。1.jpg

虽然全球范围内超出19%的死亡与升高的收缩压(>115 mmHg)有关,但高血压的控制率还不到20%。

怎么才能强有力地遏制高血压的泛滥?

近日,美国国家医学院院长Victor J. Dzau等在Hypertension上发文指出,防治高血压的体系亟需变革,未来有赖于数据、生物技术和生物医学科学的成功融合,并在医疗保健体系的有效“落地”,以及新的有效的人群健康策略的推广和实施(图1)。


图1 .防控高血压需要在科学研究和临床管理等五方面发生广泛的系统化变革

作者指出,虽然在探索高血压防治领域进行了大量工作,但当前仍面临不少挑战:

高血压无症状,让血压监测面临尴尬;

诊断多凭借血压测量,而忽视了社会、行为、饮食、体力活动等因素的影响;

高血压用药较为粗放,与个体化远去;

临床用药多依据临床随机对照试验,但这也存在很多问题;

原发高血压病理生理学和遗传学机制尚不清楚,新的重磅降压药几十年来一直空缺;

作者认为应从以上5个方面着手,打开防治高血压的新局面。

数字化变革:血压监测和生活行为改善将有所为

2017年移动医疗经济报告显示,未来最有潜力的数字医疗市场前三位是糖尿病、肥胖和抑郁,而高血压防治领域却是落后的。

作者指出,数字化技术在家庭血压监测、促进指南实施和增加治疗依从性方面,以及促进运动和改善饮食等健康行为等方面大有可为。

随着数字化技术的渗透,未来或许血压监测将会变得非常简单便利,比如近期一项研究就显示,刷脸就能量血压。或者在未来,一张微型、可穿戴式贴片就能搞定血压监测问题。

无疑这些技术的发展,有助于促进人群高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率的大幅改善。

大数据和人工智能:高血压精准治疗不是梦

不同来源的大量数据的收集、整合和分析将会给高血压的研究、管理和控制带来不小的“震动”。

由生物学、物理学、工程学、计算机、医疗和社会科学集成的数据所驱动的精准医疗数据革命,将会就每一个个体的数据驱动、基于机制的医疗手段迈一个新台阶。

这将会促进人们就环境因素、生活方式对高血压发生发展影响的理解和认识,进而开展更为精确的个体化的医疗措施。

其中应用大数据创建的精准队列很是重要,这些实时数据会更好纳入真实世界的多样性,解释分析不同人群的差异性,从而给予区别性治疗,而非当前推荐的治疗方案/指南只是基于随机对照试验的平均结果和专家共识

人工智能也会给高血压的管理和控制推开一扇全新的窗,有助于患者加强自我管理,并优化临床决策。不过目前尚处于起步阶段。

生物技术和生物医学变革:冲击传统降压手段

RNA干扰(RNAi)、基因编辑和再生医学,这些生物技术的发展都为突破高血压传统治疗方法带来了希望。

RNAi是指小分子双链RNA可以特异性降解或抑制同源mRNA表达,从而抑制或关闭特定基因表达的现象,是功能基因组学的一种强有力的研究工具。

就高血压治疗而言,目前重要的治疗靶标是血管紧张素原。血管紧张素原降低或是新型降压药物有效作用目标。

基因编辑也将在高血压治疗领域开花,比如应用当前较有看头的CRISPRCas9基因组编辑技术来治愈遗传性高血压,以及靶向作用于血管紧张素原和其他靶点,进而实现原发性高血压的长期有效控制。

高血压是心脑“杀手”,而这些靶器官再生能力有限,干细胞疗法、细胞重编程以及组织工程学则是未来实现心肌再生和心梗、脑梗后心脑功能恢复的希望。

此外,还有一些新兴的科学领域也给高血压的防治带来新认识,比如表观遗传学、营养基因学以及微生物组等。

医疗措施实施变革:提高高血压防控可及性和质量

高血压防治可及性、治疗质量的提高,都需要很好地“落地”。

其中整合医疗资源,以团队为基础,来协调医疗和共同决策,有助于改善医疗质量,降低医疗费用。

在全球水平,作者推荐全球高血压治疗标准化项目(GSHT)的四项原则:

标准化治疗方案的制定;

建立健全由基层医生、社区志愿者、药剂师、护士以及其他人士组成的团队;

推广廉价、简化有效的降压方案;

建立问责制。

人群健康干预变革:数字技术和人工智能的兴起有孵化作用

人群健康干预,需要考虑更多的影响因素,包括遗传学、社会经济因素、建筑环境等,而且涉及的层面和部门也更为广泛,比如教育、社会服务、经济发展、环境、营养、食品营销、城市设计以及卫生医疗政策制定等。

人群健康干预还需要人口科学的发展,同时需要整合数据科学、精准公共卫生健康、医疗资源平衡等。

而数字技术和人工智能的兴起,为人群健康干预提供了很好的工具。

来源:

[1]Dzau VJ, Balatbat CA. Future of Hypertension. Hypertension,2019,4(3): 450-457.

[2]Hong Luo, et al. Smartphone-Based Blood Pressure Measurement Using Transdermal Optical Imaging Technology. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. Originally published 6 Aug, 2019.

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    2020-03-17 jyzxjiangqin

    高血压的影响。

    0

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    2020-02-10 jyzxjiangqin

    制服高血压的影响。

    0

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    2020-01-26 jyzxjiangqin

    高血压的影响。

    0

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    2019-08-11 licz0427
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    2019-08-09 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享。

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