Rheumatology:风湿病与精神疾病

2017-10-20 佚名 大话精神

风湿病/炎症疾病与精神疾病是否代表了两个完全不同的,不重叠的疾病类型?答案是否定的。

风湿病/炎症疾病与精神疾病是否代表了两个完全不同的,不重叠的疾病类型?答案是否定的。

近几年来人们已经意识到,风湿性疾病/炎症疾病与精神障碍之间具有很大的重叠。但在临床实践中,这两个学科很少合作,最终延误了患者的诊疗。现在是时候把这两个专业结合起来,互相合作,以确保患者得到更好的治疗。

最新证据表明,各种风湿性患者会表现出异常高的抑郁和焦虑症状,并且它们具有高度相关性。一项研究显示,一组早期炎症性关节炎患者1年残疾的基线预后指标中,抑郁症排在第2位(odds ratio of 2.52),焦虑症排在第3位(odds ratio of 2.37)。

这两种疾病相关性的一个关键因素是促炎性细胞因子,如TNF-α和IL-6,它们在风湿病和精神疾病中都占有重要地位。另外,慢性疼痛也是风湿病和精神疾病的频发共病,从而形成了这两个学科结合的进一步联系。

我们提出了一个统一的模型来考虑这两个学科,称之为SEC模型。SEC代表感官,情感和认知。我们假定感觉(疼痛、僵硬),情绪(压力,抑郁,焦虑)和认知(灾难性)会对患者产生负面影响。在精神科和风湿病门诊所看到的患者中有这样重叠的强烈的神经生物学基础(见图1)。



为何类风湿关节炎患者要当心抑郁?

类风湿关节炎是一个累及周围关节为主的多系统性炎症性的自身免疫性疾病,临床表现为受累关节疼痛、肿胀、功能下降,病变呈持续、反复发作的过程。据资料显示中国类风湿关节炎患病率为0.2%-0.4%,患者总数大概有500万。

一项研究显示16.8%的类风湿关节炎患者有严重的抑郁症,HADS(医院焦虑抑郁量表)测得34.2%的类风湿关节炎患者伴有抑郁,PHQ-9(患者健康问卷抑郁量表)测得类风湿关节炎患者伴抑郁发生率达38.8%。另外一项调查发现,类风湿关节炎患者抑郁发生率(27.5%)竟是健康受试者(11.7%)的2倍之多。

类风湿关节炎患者易出现抑郁,而抑郁情绪直接影响患者生理和病理过程,加重患者病情。疾病状态与抑郁情绪相互作用,形成恶性循环。另外,已发表的文献表明抑郁增加类风湿关节炎患者心血管疾病如心肌梗死风险,增加患者自杀率,降低患者收入,导致更高的失业率、更低的社会生产能力等。除此之外,类风湿关节炎伴抑郁患者死亡率升高。DENNIS C等纳入1290例类风湿关节炎患者,平均随访4.9年后发现抑郁类风湿关节炎患者的死亡率是非抑郁类风湿关节炎患者的2倍。

我们督促精神科医生和其他精神卫生专业人员意识到精神卫生与风湿病之间的双向重叠,并抛弃过时的思维二分法,加强彼此的互动和协商。风湿病学确实需要精神科医生的帮助来提高精神疾病的检测和筛查能力,这两个学科应该相互联系,彼此合作。

要开发多层面合作的模式,包括继续教育,门诊联络等。这两个学科的初级员工培训应该包括对这种重叠的新的理解和认识。抑郁症和焦虑的筛查应该在所有风湿病患者中进行,因为抑郁和焦虑会影响炎症性疾病,对风湿病的治疗造成阻碍。有很多可靠、耐用的仪器可以很好的服务于这两个学科。

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    2017-10-21 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-21 惠映实验室

    学习了谢谢.

    0

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    2017-10-21 周周人

    学习.

    0

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    2017-10-21 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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    2017-10-21 明崖

    好文章.很有启发

    0

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    2017-10-21 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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