曹雪涛解读协和医学院新八年制课程改革方案

2017-10-10 搜狐健康 吴施楠

面对新的一百年发展,传统的协和模式如何适应新的医学教育趋势的发展?近日,北京协和医学院曹雪涛院校长回顾了协和百年育人的辉煌历程,并正式宣布了协和新的八年制临床医学课程改革方案。

经历百年建设的北京协和医学院可以说是中国现代医学教育体系的奠基者和推动者。它开创了我国第一个八年制临床医学教育体系、第一个高等护理教育体系、第一个住院医师培养体系、第一个公共卫生教育和实践制度、第一个医学研究生教育体系、第一个“MD+PHD”双博士培养制度……

一百年的时间过去了,人类对于健康的追求发生了很大变化,医疗模式也在不断发展。面对新的一百年发展,传统的协和模式如何适应新的医学教育趋势的发展?在近日举行的北京协和医学院第七届国际医学教育研讨会上,曹雪涛院校长回顾了协和百年育人的辉煌历程,并正式宣布了协和新的八年制临床医学课程改革方案。

坚持教学理念,八年制教育培养了大批学科奠基人

“举办可与欧美最优秀的医学院校想媲美的高水平的医学教育,包括本科教育、毕业后教育和进修教育;提供科学研究机会,特别是东亚特殊问题的研究;传播现代医学和公共卫生知识。”这是在1920年4月14日董事会上正式通过的北京协和医学院办学理念。

曹雪涛表示,办学理念的是一所学校在长期办学过程中,师生和相关利益群体达成的一种共识。无论课程改革如何进行,都应该对学校的办学理念有所传承,要在传承的基础上有所发展。

百年来,虽然经历了三次停办与复校,协和人却始终坚持这个办学理念,并总结完善形成了协和的育人特点。

八年制临床医学教育从1917年协和医学院建校之初就开始实施,其课程设置充分体现了医学精英教育的特点。目前协和的八年制课程整体框架可分为为2.5年预科(综合大学本科)和5.5年医学院课程。具体来看,可分为4个阶段:

1、医学预科2.5年:在国内优秀的综合大学进行医学预科教育,使学生接受博雅教育,打好自然科学和社会人文科学的基础;

2、基础医学1.5年:重视实验课教学,培养学生的自学能力、动手能力和发现问题、解决问题的能力;

3、临床医学3年4个月:强调理论与实际结合及在临床实践中学习,实行导师制,因材施教、精雕细刻;

4、科研训练8个月:让学生掌握医学科研方法和严谨的科学工作习惯,养成医学科研思路,了解医学科研一般规律,开拓思路,为以后结合实际,主动开展科学研究工作创造条件。

百年以来,从协和走出的学科奠基人和名医大家不胜枚举,这与八年制医学教育体系是息息相关的,也说明这样的培养模式效果显着。

但坚持并不等于墨守成规,面对新一百年的发展,曹雪涛认为,协和医学院要抓住发展机遇,在保持优良传统的基础上,与国际接轨,力争成为下一个百年中国医学教育的贡献者。

3年综合大学后再考试,新八年制课程设置充分考虑实际需求

2014年,教育部等六部委印发《医教协同深化临床医学人才培养的意见》,对八年制医学教育提出了明确要求,鼓励举办八年制医学教育的高等医学院校积极探索有效途径,培养多学科背景的高层次医学拔尖创新人才。今年印发的《国务院办公厅关于深化医教协同进一步推进医学教育改革与发展的意见》中再次指出要积极探索基础宽厚、临床综合能力强的复合型高层次医学人才培养模式和支撑机制。

对此,曹雪涛表示,在八年制的长期办学实践中,的确遇到了一些问题,存在一些困惑。“医学教育是专业教育,需要知识储备、职业取向、个性心理特征适合从业的成熟的受教育者。” 曹雪涛告诉搜狐健康,一些学生由于学医意愿不坚定、高考志愿受家长影响、个性心理特征不适合学医等原因,造成学习困难,甚至会出现中途退学的情况,导致医学教育资源浪费。

结合上述办学实践中产生的需求,北京协和医学院在2015年成立了课程改革领导小组和工作小组,先后完成了北京协和医学院校临床医学专业八年制培养目标、高层次学习产出方案、招生录取方案及课程改革框架的制定。

据曹雪涛介绍,新八年制课程设置的总体目标为培养思想品德高尚,具有宽厚的人文社会科学、自然科学和医学相关知识基础、扎实的临床技能和优秀的职业素养,具有多种发展潜能,追求卓越、引领未来的医学领军人才。

新八年制课程的设置分为三个大阶段,时间上有所调整,分别是3年综合大学本科,1.5年基础(临床前)教育阶段和3.5年临床教育阶段。其中,基础教育阶段包括形态学模块、机能学模块和病理及病原免疫学模块。该阶段主要在于早期临床经历,强化培养学生的职业素养。临床教育阶段由临床综合课及见习、临床实习和专业选修三个子模块组成。职业素养和临床基础模块是这一阶段培养重点,学习“如何成为一名好医生”。

曹雪涛表示,新的课程框架与传统的八年制医学教育培养模式最大不同是学生在综合大学完成3年的不同专业教育后,通过入学考试,进入北京协和医学院,开始医学教育阶段的学习。

今后,北京协和医学院将与目标高效签订跨校联合培养项目协议,招收不同高校、不同专业、完成通识教育的大学三年级学生。曹雪涛透露,去年北京协和医学院已经与中国科技大学进行了尝试,取得了良好成效。新方案将从小规模试点开始,逐渐推广。

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    2017-10-10 蔬菜

    模仿美国的道路.长见识了

    0

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